A phase I trial of deep brain stimulation of memory circuits in Alzheimer's disease

Laxton, Adrian W.; Tang‐Wai, David F.; McAndrews, Mary Pat; Zumsteg, Dominik; Wennberg, Richard; Keren, Ron; Wherrett, John R.; Naglie, Gary; Hamani, Clement; Smith, Gwenn S.; Lozano, Andrés M.

doi:10.1002/ana.22089

Cited by 713 publications

(623 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Several recent papers also documented that sLORETA reveals valid results (e.g. Betting et al, 2010;Dümpelmann et al, in press;Laxton et al, 2010). Particularly noteworthy is a comparative validation study using intracranial recordings from epilepsy patients (Plummer et al, 2010) where they show that overall, sLORETA is the method with lowest localization error.…”

Section: Data Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 84%

Reduced functional connectivity between cortical sources in five meditation traditions detected with lagged coherence using EEG tomography

Lehmann¹,

Faber²,

Tei

et al. 2012

NeuroImage

137

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Brain functional states are established by functional connectivities between brain regions. In experienced meditators (13 Tibetan Buddhists, 15 QiGong, 14 Sahaja Yoga, 14 Ananda Marga Yoga, 15 Zen), 19-channel EEG was recorded before, during and after that meditation exercise which their respective tradition regards as route to the most desirable meditative state. The head surface EEG data were recomputed (sLORETA) into 19 cortical regional source model time series. All 171 functional connectivities between regions were computed as 'lagged coherence' for the eight EEG frequency bands (delta through gamma). This analysis removes ambiguities of localization, volume conduction-induced inflation of coherence, and reference-dependence. All significant differences (corrected for multiple testing) between meditation compared to no-task rest before and after meditation showed lower coherence during meditation, in all five traditions and eight (inhibitory as well as excitatory) frequency bands. Conventional coherence between the original head surface EEG time series very predominantly also showed reduced coherence during meditation. The topography of the functional connectivities was examined via PCAbased computation of principal connectivities. When going into and out of meditation, significantly different connectivities revealed clearly different topographies in the delta frequency band and minor differences in the beta-2 band. The globally reduced functional interdependence between brain regions in meditation suggests that interaction between the self process functions is minimized, and that constraints on the self process by other processes are minimized, thereby leading to the subjective experience of noninvolvement, detachment and letting go, as well as of all-oneness and dissolution of ego borders during meditation. AbstractBrain functional states are established by functional connectivities between brain regions. In experienced meditators (13 Tibetan Buddhists, 15 QiGong, 14 Sahaja Yoga, 14 Ananda Marga Yoga, 15 Zen), 19-channel EEG was recorded before, during and after that meditation exercise which their respective tradition regards as route to the most desirable meditative state. The head surface EEG data were recomputed (sLORETA) into 19 cortical regional source model time series. All 171 functional connectivities between regionswere computed as 'lagged coherence' for the eight EEG frequency bands (delta through gamma). This analysis removes ambiguities of localization, volume conduction-induced inflation of coherence, and reference-dependence. All significant differences (corrected for multiple testing) between meditation compared to no-task rest before and after meditation showed lower coherence during meditation, in all five traditions and eight (inhibitory as well as excitatory) frequency bands. Conventional coherence between the original head surface EEG time series very predominantly also showed reduced coherence during meditation. The topography of the functional connectivities was examined ...

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Section: Data Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 84%

Reduced functional connectivity between cortical sources in five meditation traditions detected with lagged coherence using EEG tomography

Lehmann¹,

Faber²,

Tei

et al. 2012

NeuroImage

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…First, mechanisms underlying the pro-cognitive effects of DBS likely include, but need not be limited to, activity-dependent promotion of adult neurogenesis. For example, stimulation may induce neurotransmitter release and local or transsynaptic modulation of neural activity at the cellular level (Kringelbach et al, 2007), as well as restore basal activity levels within dysregulated brain regions at the circuit level (Mayberg et al, 2005;Laxton et al, 2010). Such effects might act in concert with stimulation-induced changes in neurogenesis to promote cognitive recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of Entorhinal Cortex Promotes Adult Neurogenesis and Facilitates Spatial Memory

Stone

Teixeira²,

DeVito³

et al. 2011

J. Neurosci.

351

284

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS)is an established therapeutic modality for the treatment of movement disorders and an emerging therapeutic approach for the treatment of disorders of mood and thought. For example, recently we have shown that DBS of the fornix may ameliorate cognitive decline associated with dementia. However, like other applications of DBS, the mechanisms mediating these clinical effects are unknown. As DBS modulates neurophysiological activity in targeted brain regions, DBS might influence cognitive function via activity-dependent regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis. Using stimulation parameters analogous to clinical high-frequency DBS, here we addressed this question in mice. We found that acute stimulation of the entorhinal cortex (EC) transiently promoted proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG). Cells generated as a consequence of stimulation differentiated into neurons, survived for at least several weeks, and acquired normal dentate granule cell (DGC) morphology. Importantly, stimulation-induced promotion of neurogenesis was limited to the DG and not associated with changes in apoptotic cell death. Using immunohistochemical approaches, we found that, once sufficiently mature, these stimulation-induced neurons integrated into hippocampal circuits supporting water-maze memory. Finally, formation of water-maze memory was facilitated 6 weeks (but not 1 week) after bilateral stimulation of the EC. The delay-dependent nature of these effects matches the maturation-dependent integration of adult-generated DGCs into dentate circuits supporting water-maze memory. Furthermore, because the beneficial effects of EC stimulation were prevented by blocking neurogenesis, this suggests a causal relationship between stimulation-induced promotion of adult neurogenesis and enhanced spatial memory.

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“…On the other hand, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's or other forms of dementia, appear to have increased in frequency over the past decade. The deep brain electrical stimulation of the Alzheimer's disease patients using implantable metal electrodes showed improvements and/or slowed the rate of cognitive decline at 6 and 12 months in some patients without any adverse side effects 3 . Stroke and epilepsy leave many people disabled for life.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chitin and carbon nanotube composites as biocompatible scaffolds for neuron growth

et al. 2016

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A phase I trial of deep brain stimulation of memory circuits in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract: There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches for AD. Modulating pathological brain activity in this illness with DBS merits further investigation.

Cited by 713 publications

References 66 publications

Reduced functional connectivity between cortical sources in five meditation traditions detected with lagged coherence using EEG tomography

Reduced functional connectivity between cortical sources in five meditation traditions detected with lagged coherence using EEG tomography

Stimulation of Entorhinal Cortex Promotes Adult Neurogenesis and Facilitates Spatial Memory

Chitin and carbon nanotube composites as biocompatible scaffolds for neuron growth

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