A phase 3, randomized, open-label study of epacadostat plus pembrolizumab, pembrolizumab monotherapy, and the EXTREME regimen as first-line treatment for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M SCCHN): ECHO-304/KEYNOTE-669.

Radiological Features of IDO1+/PDL1+ Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Single-institution Study

“…This present study may be a useful reference in understanding the results of that clinical trial. PDL1 expression should be evaluated using other antibodies, such as 22C3, as used in the ongoing clinical trials with the combination therapy of IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat, and PD1 inhibitor pembrolizumab, in patients with various types of solid tumors, including NSCLC (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Thirdly, no definitive guidelines for antibody use or quantification of IDO1 expression in NSCLC exist, and no comparative data for different IDO1 antibodies are available.…”

“…The combination of inhibitors of IDO1 and PD1/PDL1 is currently attracting much attention. For example, many clinical trials of an IDO1 inhibitor (epacadostat) and a PD1 inhibitor (pembrolizumab) in patients with various types of solid tumor, including NSCLC, are ongoing (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). A clinical phase I trial of another combination of IDO1 and PDL1 inhibitors (INCB024360 and atezolizumab, respectively) in previously treated NSCLC is also ongoing (19).…”

<p>Clinical utility of pembrolizumab in the management of advanced solid tumors: an evidence-based review on the emerging new data</p>

“…Two ongoing phase III studies are testing the combination in UC, after first-line platinum,105 or for cisplatinum-ineligible patients106 In head and neck SCC, the phase I/II study ECHO-202/KEYNOTE-037 also have shown promising results with an ORR for patients with 1–2 or 3 prior line of 34% and 14%, respectively 107. An ongoing phase III study randomizes pembrolizumab plus epacadostat vs pembrolizumab and vs the EXTREME regimen as first-line treatment for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (ECHO-304/KEYNOTE-669) 108. However a phase III in melanoma failed to increase PFS compared to pembrolizumab monotherapy 109…”

Metabolic reprogramming in cervical cancer and metabolomics perspectives

“…However, a further phase 3 trial demonstrated that the combination of epacadostat and pembrolizumab is not superior to the combination of placebo and pembrolizumab in improving survival outcomes in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma [95]. Phase 3 clinical trials in other cancers are still ongoing [96]. The uncertainty of the results of the usefulness of metabolic regulation in cancer therapy strategies may be due to the following reasons: cultured cells have difficulty completely simulating cancer metabolism in the tumor microenvironment; there are compensation pathways for metabolic inhibition; and there is metabolic heterogeneity in cancer cells although cancer cells are metabolically distinct from adjacent normal counterparts [97,98].…”