A pharmacological basis of herbal medicines for epilepsy

Sucher, Nikolaus J.; Carles, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.012

Cited by 121 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 201 publications

(224 reference statements)

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“…Numerous plants are consumed as food and are claimed by practitioners of traditional medicine to promote health (2)(3)(4). Northeast Thai vegetables, such as Cratoxylum formosum (CF) Dyer may have an affect on human health by exerting antioxidant and anticancer effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells

2017

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Cratoxylum formosum (CF) Dyer-induced cancer cell death and antimigratory effects in HepG2 liver cancer cells. The cytotoxic, antiproliferative and antimigratory effects of CF leaf extract on human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines were evaluated using sulforhodamine B, colony formation, and wound healing assays. In addition, apoptosis induction mechanisms were investigated via reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, caspase 3 activities, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) disruption. Gene expression and apoptosis-associated protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. CF induced HepG2 cell death in a time-and dose-dependent manner with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 219.03±9.96 and 124.90±6.86 µg/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Treatment with CF caused a significant and dose-dependent decrease in colony forming ability and cell migration. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that CF induced ROS formation, increased caspase 3 activities, decreased the ΔΨm, and caused HepG2 apoptosis. CF marginally decreased the expression level of the cell cycle regulatory protein, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1) and the downstream protein, cyclin dependent kinase 6. Additionally, CF significantly enhanced p21 levels, reduced cyclin D1 protein levels and triggered cancer cell death. CF leaf extracts induced cell death, stimulated apoptosis and inhibited migration in HepG2 cells. Thus, CF may be useful for developing an anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of liver cancer. IntroductionMedicinal plants and their active compounds have been reported to exert potent cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cell (1). Numerous plants are consumed as food and are claimed by practitioners of traditional medicine to promote health (2-4). Northeast Thai vegetables, such as Cratoxylum formosum (CF) Dyer may have an affect on human health by exerting antioxidant and anticancer effects. CF belongs to the Guttiferae family and is a plant of the tropics, cultivated in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand (5). It is a local dietary and herbal plant, and its leaves are usually consumed fresh. CF has been adopted in folk medicine for the treatment of fever, coughs, stomach ache and peptic ulcers (6,7). CF produces various secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, flavonoids (6,8), xanthones, anthraquinones (7), chlorogenic acid, dicaffeoylquinic acids, and ferulic acid (5). Kukongviriyapan et al (9) detected potent antioxidant activity in aqueous extracts of CF leaves. Other bioactivities demonstrated by CF include anti-inflammatory (10), antibacterial (11), antimicrobial (12) and anticancer (13). Various parts of the plant have been found to exert anticancer effects, including the roots, bark and leaves (14-16).CF inhibits the proliferation of v...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells

2017

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“…Accordingly, discovery of a new anticonvulsant with better efficacy and improved safety profile is of fundamental importance [4]. In this context, several plant extracts and products may be useful for the treatment of convulsions or seizures, and therefore, natural products constitute a promising source of new antiepileptic drugs [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticonvulsant activity of β-caryophyllene against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures

Oliveira

Grigoletto

et al. 2016

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Increasing evidence suggests that plant-derived extracts and their isolated components are useful for treatment of seizures and, hence, constitute a valuable source of new antiepileptic drugs with improved efficacy and better adverse effect profile. β-Caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that occurs in a wide range of plant species and displays a number of biological actions, including neuroprotective activity. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that β-caryophyllene displays anticonvulsant effects. In addition, we investigated the effect of β-caryophyllene on behavioral parameters and on seizure-induced oxidative stress. Adult C57BL/6 mice received increasing doses of β-caryophyllene (0, 10, 30, or 100mg/kg). After 60 min, we measured the latencies to myoclonic and generalized seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 60 mg/kg). We found that β-caryophyllene increased the latency to myoclonic jerks induced by PTZ. This result was confirmed by electroencephalographic analysis. In a separate set of experiments, we found that mice treated with an anticonvulsant dose of β-caryophyllene (100mg/kg) displayed an improved recognition index in the object recognition test. This effect was not accompanied by behavioral changes in the open-field, rotarod, or forced swim tests. Administration of an anticonvulsant dose of β-caryophyllene (100mg/kg) did not prevent PTZ-induced oxidative stress (i.e., increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances or the decrease in nonprotein thiols content). Altogether, the present data suggest that β-caryophyllene displays anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by PTZ in mice. Since no adverse effects were observed in the same dose range of the anticonvulsant effect, β-caryophyllene should be further evaluated in future development of new anticonvulsant drugs.

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“…Natural products in this regard have emerged to be a better choice for the management of such complex diseases. Several natural products have been earlier explored and showed protection in animal models of epilepsy and associated neurobehavioural comorbidities [4,5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Crocin Attenuates Kindling Development and Associated Cognitive Impairments in Mice via Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated NF‐κB Activation

Mazumder

Sharma

Patial

et al. 2016

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Crocin is a pharmacologically active carotenoid pigment mainly present in the stigmas of Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae). It has been well explored in experimental animal models of cognitive impairments, depression, anxiety and epilepsy. This study was designed to understand the effect of crocin on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling development and its associated cognitive deficit in mouse. Crocin treatment at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o. doses showed a marked reduction in severity of PTZ-induced seizures. There was an increase in novel object preference index and discrimination ratio in the crocin-treated groups in the novel object recognition test. Its treatment also increased percentage spontaneous alternations in T-maze test at all the tested doses. Histopathological examination by Nissl staining showed a reduction in dark neurons in the hippocampal pyramidal layer of crocin-treated animals in contrast to vehicle control, indicating a decrease in neuronal damage. Biochemical estimations showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hippocampus of crocin-treated animals. Immunohistochemistry results revealed attenuation in the levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphorylated NF-κB in the hippocampal sections of crocin-treated animals. The results of this study concluded that crocin treatment increased seizure threshold, thus inhibiting PTZ-induced kindling development and improving cognitive functions. The effect was found to be due to suppression of seizure-induced ROS generation and its linked NF-κB pathway-associated neuronal damage.

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A pharmacological basis of herbal medicines for epilepsy

Cited by 121 publications

References 201 publications

Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells

Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells

Anticonvulsant activity of β-caryophyllene against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures

Crocin Attenuates Kindling Development and Associated Cognitive Impairments in Mice via Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species‐Mediated NF‐κB Activation

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