A pharmacological analysis of the peristaltic reflex in the isolated colon of the guinea‐pig or cat

Crema, A.; Frigo, G. M.; Lecchini, Sergio

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb12897.x

Cited by 92 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…colon motility; enteric neurons; spatiotemporal maps; peristalsis COLONIC MOTILITY IS CONTROLLED by complex interactive processes in the gut, involving both nerve cells (neurogenic) and spontaneous muscle activity (myogenic). A number of studies have characterized fundamental mechanisms in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, and rabbit and have shown that propagating contractions underlying peristalsis, or other propulsive motor patterns, require activity in the enteric nervous system (8,11,13,14,17,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenic and myogenic motor activity in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat

Costa

Dodds

Wiklendt

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

106

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Costa M, Dodds KN, Wiklendt L, Spencer NJ, Brookes SJ, Dinning PG. Neurogenic and myogenic motor activity in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 305: G749 -G759, 2013. First published September 19, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00227.2013.-Gastrointestinal motility involves interactions between myogenic and neurogenic processes intrinsic to the gut wall. We have compared the presence of propagating myogenic contractions of the isolated colon in four experimental animals (guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat), following blockade of enteric neural activity. Isolated colonic preparations were distended with fluid, with the anal end either closed or open. Spatiotemporal maps of changes in diameter were constructed from video recordings. Distension-induced peristaltic contractions were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX; 0.6 M) in all animal species. Subsequent addition of carbachol (0.1-1 M) did not evoke myogenic motor patterns in the mouse or guinea pig, although some activity was observed in rabbit and rat colon. These myogenic contractions propagated both orally and anally and differed from neurogenic propagating contractions in their frequency, extent of propagation, and polarity. Niflumic acid (300 M), used to block myogenic activity, also blocked neural peristalsis and thus cannot be used to discriminate between these mechanisms. In all species, except the mouse colon, small myogenic "ripple" contractions were revealed in TTX, but in both rat and rabbit an additional, higher-frequency ripple-type contraction was superimposed. Following blockade of enteric nerve function, a muscarinic agonist can evoke propulsive myogenic peristaltic contractions in isolated rabbit and rat colon, but not in guinea pig or mouse colon. Marked differences between species exist in the ability of myogenic mechanisms to propel luminal content, but in all species there is normally a complex interplay between neurogenic and myogenic processes. colon motility; enteric neurons; spatiotemporal maps; peristalsis COLONIC MOTILITY IS CONTROLLED by complex interactive processes in the gut, involving both nerve cells (neurogenic) and spontaneous muscle activity (myogenic). A number of studies have characterized fundamental mechanisms in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, and rabbit and have shown that propagating contractions underlying peristalsis, or other propulsive motor patterns, require activity in the enteric nervous system (8,11,13,14,17,25).In recent papers, Huizinga et al. (20) and Chen et al. (7) produced evidence that challenges this principle. In the rat colon, in vitro, they showed that, after blocking peristalsis with antagonists of enteric neuronal activity [tetrodotoxin (TTX) or lidocaine], addition of a cholinergic agonist induced a recovery in propagating contractions. From these data they suggested that networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) work cooperatively with the enteric nervous system to create colonic motor patterns and that the main propulsive mechanism is the ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenic and myogenic motor activity in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat

Costa

Dodds

Wiklendt

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

106

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“…29,36,49 In contrast, others demonstrated that nicotinic receptors are not essential in mediating peristalsis of the guinea pig distal colon. 50,51 They showed that hexamethonium temporarily arrested peristalsis and fecal pellet propulsion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that PN stimulation enhances colonic peristalsis in response to balloon distension while sympathetic stimulation inhibits colonic peristalsis of the guinea pig distal colon in vitro. 36,37 However, it remains unclear whether PN stimulation affects fecal pellet propulsion or luminal pressure changes. As shown in Supplementary Video 2, we have clearly demonstrated that PN stimulation accelerates pellet propulsion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors explained that the inhibitory effect of atropine is due to preventing the descending relaxation, because the inhibitory neurons responsible for descending relaxation are regulated by muscarinic receptors. 36 However, currently it is well accepted that descending relaxations are regulated via nicotinic receptors, rather than muscarinic receptors. 32,43,44 Mucosal and muscle stimulation initiates peristalsis via ascending contractions and descending relaxations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28 Others showed that hexamethonium abolished the peristaltic reflex, suggesting the involvement of nicotinic receptors in the initiation of peristaltic reflex of the guinea pig colon. 29 In 1970, Crema et al 36 demonstrated that atropine partially inhibited peristaltic reflex in response to intraluminal balloon distension of the guinea pig distal colon. The authors explained that the inhibitory effect of atropine is due to preventing the descending relaxation, because the inhibitory neurons responsible for descending relaxation are regulated by muscarinic receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

Gribovskaja‐Rupp¹,

Babygirija²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2014

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

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Background/AimsColonic peristalsis is mainly regulated via intrinsic neurons in guinea pigs. However, autonomic regulation of colonic motility is poorly understood. We explored a guinea pig model for the study of extrinsic nerve effects on the distal colon. MethodsGuinea pigs were sacrificed, their distal colons isolated, preserving pelvic nerves (PN) and inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG), and placed in a tissue bath. Fecal pellet propagation was conducted during PN and IMG stimulation at 10 Hz, 0.5 ms and 5 V. Distal colon was connected to a closed circuit system, and colonic motor responses were measured during PN and IMG stimulation. ResultsPN stimulation increased pellet velocity to 24.6 ± 0.7 mm/sec (n = 20), while IMG stimulation decreased it to 2.0 ± 0.2 mm/sec (n = 12), compared to controls (13.0 ± 0.7 mm/sec, P ＜ 0.01). In closed circuit experiments, PN stimulation increased the intraluminal pressure, which was abolished by atropine (10 −6 M) and hexamethonium (10 −4 M). PN stimulation reduced the incidence of non-coordinated contractions induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 −4 M). IMG stimulation attenuated intraluminal pressure increase, which was partially reversed by alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine; 10 −6 M). Conclusions

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The Enteric Nervous System

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A pharmacological analysis of the peristaltic reflex in the isolated colon of the guinea‐pig or cat

Cited by 92 publications

References 23 publications

Neurogenic and myogenic motor activity in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat

Neurogenic and myogenic motor activity in the colon of the guinea pig, mouse, rabbit, and rat

Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs

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