A phantom design for assessment of detectability in PET imaging

Wollenweber, Scott D.; Alessio, Adam M.; Kinahan, Paul E.

doi:10.1118/1.4960365

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…(I) PET phantom, ( II ) 3D printed lesions . Figure license: Wollenweber, et al #bib2016, A phantom design for assessment of detectability in PET imaging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound

2018

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Purpose: Printing technology, capable of producing three-dimensional (3D) objects, has evolved in recent years and provides potential for developing reproducible and sophisticated physical phantoms. 3D printing technology can help rapidly develop relatively low cost phantoms with appropriate complexities, which are useful in imaging or dosimetry measurements. The need for more realistic phantoms is emerging since imaging systems are now capable of acquiring multimodal and multiparametric data. This review addresses three main questions about the 3D printers currently in use, and their produced materials. The first question investigates whether the resolution of 3D printers is sufficient for existing imaging technologies. The second question explores if the materials of 3D-printed phantoms can produce realistic images representing various tissues and organs as taken by different imaging modalities such as computer tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and mammography. The emergence of multimodal imaging increases the need for phantoms that can be scanned using different imaging modalities. The third question probes the feasibility and easiness of "printing" radioactive or nonradioactive solutions during the printing process. Methods: A systematic review of medical imaging studies published after January 2013 is performed using strict inclusion criteria. The databases used were Scopus and Web of Knowledge with specific search terms. In total, 139 papers were identified; however, only 50 were classified as relevant for this paper. In this review, following an appropriate introduction and literature research strategy, all 50 articles are presented in detail. A summary of tables and example figures of the most recent advances in 3D printing for the purposes of phantoms across different imaging modalities are provided. Results: All 50 studies printed and scanned phantoms in either CT, PET, SPECT, mammography, MRI, and US-or a combination of those modalities. According to the literature, different parameters were evaluated depending on the imaging modality used. Almost all papers evaluated more than two parameters, with the most common being Hounsfield units, density, attenuation and speed of sound. Conclusions: The development of this field is rapidly evolving and becoming more refined. There is potential to reach the ultimate goal of using 3D phantoms to get feedback on imaging scanners and reconstruction algorithms more regularly. Although the development of imaging phantoms is evident, there are still some limitations to address: One of which is printing accuracy, due to the printer properties. Another limitation is the materials available to print: There are not enough materials to mimic all the tissue properties. For example, one material can mimic one property-such as the density of real tissue-but not any other property, like speed of sound or attenuation.

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“…(I) PET phantom, ( II ) 3D printed lesions . Figure license: Wollenweber, et al #bib2016, A phantom design for assessment of detectability in PET imaging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this new field has great potential to achieve more versatile phantoms. 10,[16][17][18][19][20][21]24,32,42,52,59,69,72,75,76,80…”

Section: B Characterization Of Phantom Imaging Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound

2018

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“…From the reported heterogeneous phantom inserts, it was observed that most of the approaches present thick walls, which is not the case in real patient tumors. Considering this factor, the wall-less models proposed by Carles et al 42 and Wollenweber et al 49 are good examples of a more realistic tumor heterogeneity simulation. One aim of having reference objects for specific imaging applications is their usability across systems and centers, allowing the testing and validation of different imaging methods prior to being applied in patient studies.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 In another study, Wollenweber et al present a phantom design for assessing lesion detectability in PET. 49 The phantom includes hollow 3D printed dodecahedral nylon inserts and a heterogeneous background composed of acrylic spheres. The components are embedded in a plastic cylinder compartment filled with [18F]FDG and one drop of detergent as a surfactant.…”

Section: A 3d Printed Pet(/ct) Imaging Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical imaging phantoms for simulation of tumor heterogeneity in PET, CT, and MRI: An overview of existing designs

2020

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Background: In oncology, lesion characterization is essential for tumor grading, treatment planning, and follow-up of cancer patients. Hybrid imaging systems, such as Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)/CT, Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT, or PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), play an essential role for the noninvasive quantification of tumor characteristics. However, most of the existing approaches are challenged by intra-and intertumor heterogeneity. Novel quantitative imaging parameters that can be derived from textural feature analysis (as part of radiomics) are promising complements for improved characterization of tumor heterogeneity, thus, supporting clinically relevant implementations of personalized medicine concepts. Nevertheless, establishing new quantitative parameters for tumor characterization requires the use of standardized imaging objects to test the reliability of results prior to their implementation in patient studies. Methods: In this review, we summarize existing reports on heterogeneous phantoms with a focus on simulating tumor heterogeneity. We discuss the techniques, materials, advantages, and limitations of the existing phantoms for PET, CT, and MR imaging modalities. Conclusions: Finally, we outline the future directions and requirements for the design of cross modality imaging phantoms.

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“…non-homogenous, asymmetric structures, variability in structure size, orientation, shape). Patient images, conversely, rarely have reliable ground truths associated with them [2], [3], against which image derived metrics can be compared. Deriving ground truth information from the images themselves is conceptually flawed, especially for faint structures around the spatial resolution of the system, but comparison between alternative image generating techniques may be appropriate as demonstrated in Figure 3, where changes in reconstruction parameters lead to varying lesion conspicuousness.…”

Section: Chapter 1: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesion Synthesis Toolbox: Development and Validation of Dedicated Software for Synthesis of Lesions in Raw PET and CT Patient Images

Juma¹

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is one of the most sensitive clinical tools for early detections of small tumours, but its performance is dependent on multiple factors including image quality and human perception. Current methods relying on physical and numerical image quality phantoms are inadequate for evaluating clinical task-based performance, such as limits of lesion detection, due to lack of physiologic realism of the images.In this work, we describe development and validation of the Lesion Synthesis Toolbox, easy-to-use software to synthetize well-characterized, user-defined lesions in real patient PET data prior to image reconstruction and in corresponding Computed Tomography (CT) images on GE Discovery line of PET/CT scanners.We employ synthetic lesions in a preliminary perception study to estimate the limits-of-detection (LOD) in representative clinical setting. Finally, we describe a custom developed, web-based tool for conducting perception studies using synthetic lesions of varying parameters to characterize the LOD. We conclude with a discussion of how these tools can be employed in future studies to compare LOD between imaging methods, image generation algorithms, observers, display types, and computer-based lesion detection solutions.ii

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A phantom design for assessment of detectability in PET imaging

Abstract: This phantom provides a practical method for testing and comparison of lesion detectability as a function of imaging system, acquisition parameters, and image reconstruction methods and parameters.

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound

Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound

Physical imaging phantoms for simulation of tumor heterogeneity in PET, CT, and MRI: An overview of existing designs

Lesion Synthesis Toolbox: Development and Validation of Dedicated Software for Synthesis of Lesions in Raw PET and CT Patient Images

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