A Perspective on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Feeds

Kiser, J. S.

doi:10.2527/jas1976.4241058x

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…All calves fed 0 g of bovine plasma died within 7 days of challenge due to colibacillosis. Antibiotics in CMR have been shown to reduce the incidence of scours and improve BW gains in calves (Kiser, 1976;Morrill et al, 1977;Tomkins & Jaster, 1991;Quigley et al, 1997). Our study confirms these findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Clearly, the use of AB in CMR has been widely accepted by the industry. Kiser (1976) suggested that AB are commonly used in dairy calf production to compensate for poor colostrum feeding practices, hygiene and management. Although significant educational efforts have been made in the past 25 years to improve these practices, the USDA estimated in 1991 that over 40% of dairy heifer calves fail to acquire sufficient passive immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Oral Antibiotics or Bovine Plasma on Survival, Health and Growth in Dairy Calves Challenged withEscherichia coli

Quigley¹,

Drew²

2000

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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Thirty-six Holstein bull calves were fed experimental milk replacers (454 g/day -1 ) containing 20% crude protein and 20% fat. Milk replacers contained no additives, antibiotics (800 mg neomycin (as neomycin sulfate) and 400 mg oxytetracycline daily replacing dried whey, or 3.3% spray dried bovine plasma replacing whey protein concentrate. Calves were orally challenged with approximately 10 8 colony forming units (CFU) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on day 3. No veterinary treatments or supportive therapy were provided during the study. Calf body weight (BW) was determined weekly and average daily BW gain was calculated. Clinical scores were determined daily for fecal consistency, attitude and hydration. All clinical scores responded to oral E. coli challenge. Provision of antibiotics and animal plasma had no effect on fecal consistency but improved attitude and hydration scores, body weight gain and tended to reduce overall mortality. Spray dried animal plasma appears to be a viable alternative to antibiotics in calf milk replacer applications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oral Antibiotics or Bovine Plasma on Survival, Health and Growth in Dairy Calves Challenged withEscherichia coli

Quigley¹,

Drew²

2000

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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“…With the possible exception of horses and dairy Judging from the number of papers, studies, expert reviews, cows, all of these classes of livestock may also be treated as a and television and press reports, the subject of greatest congroup through feed or water routes of administration. Since cern to the public has been antibiotic resistance genes genprevention programmes are directed towards an entire group erated in animals and an attendent risk to human health rather than towards individuals, these antibiotics are usually (Jukes 1973;Kiser 1976;Richmond and Petrocheilou 1981; administered through the feed or drinking water. Stallones 1982;Walton 1983Walton , 1991Black 1984; In addition to treatment and prevention programmes, antiand Kiser 1984; Gersema and Helling 1986; Gustafson biotics make a valuable contribution to animal agriculture 1986a; Du Pont and Steele 1987).…”

Section: The Pool Of Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use in animal agriculture

Gustafson

Bowen

1997

Journal of Applied Microbiology

281

167

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“…This report, suggesting that subtherapeutic application of tetracyclines and other antibiotics to farm animals might contribute to the development of resistant human isolates, led to a ban of the use of tetracyclines for growth promotion in Europe in the early 1970s (EC directive 70/524; see http://europa.eu.int/comm /dg24/health/sc/index_en.html). Although issues surrounding the use of growth-promoting antibiotics have been widely discussed in other countries, particularly the United States (50,83,91,136,146), and Australia (113a), no such ban has been imposed on the use of tetracyclines for growth promotion in these and many other countries.…”

Section: Animal Growth Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance

Chopra

Roberts

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

3,545

2,643

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Tetracyclines were discovered in the 1940s and exhibited activity against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. They are inexpensive antibiotics, which have been used extensively in the prophlylaxis and therapy of human and animal infections and also at subtherapeutic levels in animal feed as growth promoters. The first tetracycline-resistant bacterium, Shigella dysenteriae, was isolated in 1953. Tetracycline resistance now occurs in an increasing number of pathogenic, opportunistic, and commensal bacteria. The presence of tetracycline-resistant pathogens limits the use of these agents in treatment of disease. Tetracycline resistance is often due to the acquisition of new genes, which code for energy-dependent efflux of tetracyclines or for a protein that protects bacterial ribosomes from the action of tetracyclines. Many of these genes are associated with mobile plasmids or transposons and can be distinguished from each other using molecular methods including DNA-DNA hybridization with oligonucleotide probes and DNA sequencing. A limited number of bacteria acquire resistance by mutations, which alter the permeability of the outer membrane porins and/or lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane, change the regulation of innate efflux systems, or alter the 16S rRNA. New tetracycline derivatives are being examined, although their role in treatment is not clear. Changing the use of tetracyclines in human and animal health as well as in food production is needed if we are to continue to use this class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials through the present century

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A Perspective on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Feeds

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of Oral Antibiotics or Bovine Plasma on Survival, Health and Growth in Dairy Calves Challenged withEscherichia coli

Effects of Oral Antibiotics or Bovine Plasma on Survival, Health and Growth in Dairy Calves Challenged withEscherichia coli

Antibiotic use in animal agriculture

Tetracycline Antibiotics: Mode of Action, Applications, Molecular Biology, and Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance

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