A Perspective on the Role of Microbiome for Colorectal Cancer Treatment

Kalasabail, Sanjna; Engelman, J.; Zhang, Linda Y.; El‐Omar, Emad; Yim, Howard Chi Ho

doi:10.3390/cancers13184623

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Gut microbes aid towards the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, prevent pathogen colonization and release key nutrients and energy from the diet. Apart from the benefits, it has been demonstrated in previous studies that gut microbes may play a role similar to tumor suppressor or oncogenes ( 20 , 21 ). The microbiome communicates with host via direct and indirect factors, such as metabolites, proteins and toxins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusobacteria alterations are associated with colorectal cancer liver metastasis and a poor prognosis

Jin,

Fan,

Shang

et al. 2024

Oncol Lett

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Liver metastasis is a major cause of mortality in patients with advanced stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to influence the progression of liver diseases, potentially providing novel perspectives for diagnosis, treatment and research. However, the gut microbial characteristics in CRC with liver metastasis (LM) and with no liver metastasis (NLM) have not yet been fully established. In the present study, high-throughput 16S RNA sequencing technology was employed, in order to examine the gut microbial richness and composition in patients with CRC with LM or NLM. A discovery cohort (cohort 2; LM=18; NLM=36) and a validation cohort (cohort 3; LM=13; NLM=41) were established using fresh feces. In addition, primary carcinoma tissue samples were also analyzed (LM=8 and NLM=10) as a supplementary discovery cohort (cohort 1). The findings of the present study indicated that the intestinal microbiota richness and diversity were increased in the LM group as compared to the NLM group. A significant difference was observed in species composition between the LM and NLM group. In the two discovery cohorts with two different samples, the dominant phyla were consistent, but varied at lower taxonomic levels. Phylum Fusobacteria presented consistent and significant enrichment in LM group in both discovery cohorts. Furthermore, with the application of a random forest model and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, Fusobacteria was identified as a potential biomarker for LM. Moreover, Fusobacteria was also a poor prognosis factor for survival. Importantly, the findings were reconfirmed in the validation cohort. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrated that CRC with LM and NLM exhibit distinct gut microbiota characteristics. Fusobacteria detection thus has potential for use in predicting LM and a poor prognosis of patients with CRC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusobacteria alterations are associated with colorectal cancer liver metastasis and a poor prognosis

Jin,

Fan,

Shang

et al. 2024

Oncol Lett

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“…Moreover, in a murine model of intestinal mucositis in the context of the antineoplastic agent cisplatin, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal DNA indicated that cisplatin induces dysbiosis with a significant increase in Bacteroidaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families and Bacteroides uniformis , with a decrease in Ruminococcus gnavus [ 120 ].…”

Section: The Interplay Between Microbiota and Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Debate between the Human Microbiota and Immune System in Treating Aerodigestive and Digestive Tract Cancers: A Review

et al. 2023

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The human microbiota comprises a group of microorganisms co-existing in the human body. Unbalanced microbiota homeostasis may impact metabolic and immune system regulation, shrinking the edge between health and disease. Recently, the microbiota has been considered a prominent extrinsic/intrinsic element of cancer development and a promising milestone in the modulation of conventional cancer treatments. Particularly, the oral cavity represents a yin-and-yang target site for microorganisms that can promote human health or contribute to oral cancer development, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum. Moreover, Helicobacter pylori has also been implicated in esophageal and stomach cancers, and decreased butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae spp. and Ruminococcaceae, have demonstrated a protective role in the development of colorectal cancer. Interestingly, prebiotics, e.g., polyphenols, probiotics (Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Burkholderia), postbiotics (inosine, butyrate, and propionate), and innovative nanomedicines can modulate antitumor immunity, circumventing resistance to conventional treatments and could complement existing therapies. Therefore, this manuscript delivers a holistic perspective on the interaction between human microbiota and cancer development and treatment, particularly in aerodigestive and digestive cancers, focusing on applying prebiotics, probiotics, and nanomedicines to overcome some challenges in treating cancer.

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“…Microbiota can affect the response to chemotherapy. It has been observed that some bacteria metabolize and reduce the effects of chemotherapy at the tumor site (239). Besides, microbiota are chief players in regulating inflammatory responses in GI, through which they can influence the response of CRC patients to immunotherapy (240)(241)(242).…”

Section: Role Of the Microbiome In Personalized Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?

Lan

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines has raised great hopes for treating poor prognosis metastatic CRCs that are resistant to the conventional therapies. However, high inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity hinder the success of immunotherapy in CRC. Patients with a similar tumor phenotype respond differently to the same immunotherapy regimen. Mutation-based classification, molecular subtyping, and immunoscoring of CRCs facilitated the multi-aspect grouping of CRC patients and improved immunotherapy. Personalized immunotherapy using tumor-specific neoantigens provides the opportunity to consider each patient as an independent group deserving of individualized immunotherapy. In the recent decade, the development of sequencing and multi-omics techniques has helped us classify patients more precisely. The expansion of such advanced techniques along with the neoantigen-based immunotherapy could herald a new era in treating heterogeneous tumors such as CRC. In this review article, we provided the latest findings in immunotherapy of CRC. We elaborated on the heterogeneity of CRC patients as a bottleneck of CRC immunotherapy and reviewed the latest advances in personalized immunotherapy to overcome CRC heterogeneity.

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A Perspective on the Role of Microbiome for Colorectal Cancer Treatment

Cited by 20 publications

References 126 publications

Fusobacteria alterations are associated with colorectal cancer liver metastasis and a poor prognosis

Fusobacteria alterations are associated with colorectal cancer liver metastasis and a poor prognosis

The Debate between the Human Microbiota and Immune System in Treating Aerodigestive and Digestive Tract Cancers: A Review

Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?

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