A perspective on the production of dye-sensitized solar modules

Fakharuddin, Azhar; Jose, Rajan; Brown, Thomas M.; Fabregat‐Santiago, Francisco; Bisquert, Juan

doi:10.1039/c4ee01724b

Cited by 402 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(214 reference statements)

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“…Low cost manufacturing of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) requires new evolutions in techniques previously developed for other thin film technologies like Dye Solar Cells (DSCs) and polymer solar cells. [1][2][3] For example, the knowledge accrued on TiO 2 as electron transport layer and on molecular compounds as hole transport material (HTM) has been important in the development of PSCs. However, PSCs are based on a completely different light absorbing material, composed of perovskite crystals which form layers which are difficult to control morphologically especially over large areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

et al. 2016

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To bring perovskite solar cells to the industrial world, performance must be maintained at the photovoltaic module scale. Here we present large-area manufacturing and processing options applicable to large-area cells and modules. Printing and coating techniques, such as blade coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, and gravure printing (as alternatives to spin coating), as well as vacuum or vapor based deposition and laser patterning techniques are being developed for an effective scale-up of the technology. The latter also enables the manufacture of solar modules on flexible substrates, an option beneficial for many applications and for roll-to-roll production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

et al. 2016

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“…Though synthesis and preparation of TiO 2 paste for film formation has historical importance, however, at this stage more than 95% of the studies employ a commercially available TiO 2 paste which is developed after years of research and employ patented methods [53,55]. However, design of morphologically new structures, and development of efficient synthesis routes for anatase TiO 2 is an active area to achieve higher loading, better charge transport, and minimum recombinations losses [18].…”

Section: Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Dioxide Modifications for Energy Conversion: Learnings from Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Cheema¹,

Joya²

2018

Titanium Dioxide - Material for a Sustainable Environment

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During the last two and half decade modifying anatase TiO 2 has appreciably enhanced our understanding and application of this semiconducting, non-toxic material. In the domain of DSCs, the main focus has been to achieve band adjustment to facilitate electron injection from anchored dyes, and high electronic mobility for photo-generated electron collection. In retrospection, there is a dire need to assimilate and summarize the findings of these studies to further catalyze the research, better understanding and comparison of the structure-property relationships in modifying TiO 2 efficiently for crucial photocatalytic, electrochemical and nanostructured applications. This chapter aims at categorizing the typical approaches used to modify TiO 2 in the domain of DSCs such as through TiO 2 paste additives, TiO 2 doping, metal oxides inclusion, dye solution co-adsorbing additives, post staining surface treatment additives and electrolyte additives. A summary of the consequences of these modifications on electron injection, charge extraction, electronic mobility, conduction band shift and surface states has been presented. This chapter is expected to hugely benefit the researchers employing TiO 2 in energy, catalysis and battery applications.

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“…Saat ini, berbagai sel-surya sudah dibuat dan dikomersialisasi menggunakan berbagai material sebagai material laisan aktifnya, seperti silikon, galium arsenida, cadmium telurida, silikon amorf, sel-surya dye, sel-surya organik/polimer dan sel-surya hibrid organik-inorganik [4][5]. Namun penggunaannya secara massal sebagai sumber energi listrik saat ini masih terkendala biaya produksi yang tinggi.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Sifat Optik dan Struktur Kristal Material Perovskite yang Disintesis dari Baterai Bekas Mobil

Bahtiar

Syifa

Nurazizah

et al. 2017

JIIF

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Abstrak. Sel-surya berbahan aktif material perovskite telah banyak menarik perhatian banyak peneliti, karena mampu menghasilkan efisiensi di atas 20%, mendekati sel-surya komersial Silikon. Namun, material timbal halida (PbI2) sebagai material utama pembentuk material perovskite CH3NH3PbI3, harganya masih cukup mahal, sehingga menjadi kendala untuk dapat digunakan sebagai material aktif sel-surya, jika sel-surya diproduksi secara massal. Diperlukan sumber material lain yang tersedia melimpah, murah dan mudah dalam pemrosesannya untuk membuat material PbI2. Sebagai alternatif, sumber material timbal untuk membuat material timbal iodida (PbI2) yang tersedia melimpah adalah baterai mobil. Material elektroda dari baterai mobil terdiri dari timbal sebagai katoda dan timbal dioksida sebagai anoda. Material-material tersebut berupa bubuk sehingga mudah untuk disintesis menjadi PbI2 melalui reaksi kimia sederhana. Keberhasilan mensintesis material PbI2 dari material bekas elektroda mobil menjadi kunci bagi pengembangan sel-surya perovskite yang berbiaya murah. Telah dilakukan sintesis PbI2 dari elektroda bekas baterai mobil melalui reaksi kimia. Hasil pengukuran EDS menunjukkan bahwa PbI2 hasil sintesis memiliki kemurnian 95% dan memiliki komposisi atomik yang lebih baik daripada produk komersial. Spektra UV-Vis dan XRD dari film PbI2 hasil sintesis memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan produk komersial, sehingga hasil sintesis ini dapat dijadikan sebagai material perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 untuk sel-surya. Material perovskite yang dispin-coating di atas lapisan titanium dioksida memperlihatkan struktur kristal perovskite. Hasil riset ini menunjukkan bahwa material elektroda baterai bekas mobil dapat dijadikan sebagai material aktif selsurya perovskite yang murah, sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi limbah baterai bekas melalui pemanfaatan timbal menjadi material perovskite yang bernilai tinggi.Kata kunci : sel-surya, perovskite, baterai bekas mobil, timbal oksida, timbal iodida Abstract. Perovskite solar cells have attracted many researchers, because it can produce efficiency above 20%, which is close to silicon commercial solar cells. However, lead halide (PbI 2 ) material as the main material for perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 , is still quite expensive, making it an obstacle to be used as an active solar cell material for massal production. Other abundance available sources of material, cheap and easy to be processed into PbI2 are highly required. Alternatively, the available and abundance source of lead material for making the lead iodide (PbI2) is the waste of car battery. The electrode of the car battery consists of lead (Pb) as cathode and lead dioxide (PbO2) as anode. Theese materials are powders that are easy to synthesize into PbI2 through simple chemical reactions. The successful synthesis of PbI2 from used car electrodes is a key for development of low-cost perovskite solar cells. PbI2 from the electrode car battery was succesfully synthesized through a simple chemical reaction. EDS measurements show that sy...

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A perspective on the production of dye-sensitized solar modules

Cited by 402 publications

References 162 publications

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

Titanium Dioxide Modifications for Energy Conversion: Learnings from Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Sifat Optik dan Struktur Kristal Material Perovskite yang Disintesis dari Baterai Bekas Mobil

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