A perspective on energy chemistry of low-temperature lithium metal batteries

Liu, He; Cheng, Xin‐Bing; Yan, Chong; Li, Zeheng; Zhao, Chen‐Zi; Xiang, Rong; Yuan, Hong; Huang, Jia‐Qi; Kuzmina, Elena; Карасева, Е. В.; Колосницын, В. С.; Zhang, Qiang

doi:10.23919/ien.2022.0003

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…It can also operate stably under low and high‐temperature conditions, which greatly extends its application occasions. [ 132 ] The superiority of FEC and LiNO 3 cannot simply be explained by SEI components. Nevertheless, no further working mechanism for these additives has been proposed due to the limited understanding in SEI chemistry.…”

Section: Regulation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Principles of Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Advanced energy storage technology represented by lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) has revolutionized human life in recent years. The energy density of LIBs based on intercalation chemistry is approaching its theoretical limit after unremitting efforts for the past three decades. The state-of-the-art LIBs with graphite anode can only achieve an energy density lower than 300 Wh kg −1 . [1] This cannot satisfy the increasing demands for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage systems. [2] Therefore, it is urgently called for next-generation batteries with a high energy density, long lifespan, and high safety performance. [3,4] Electrode material is of great importance in determining the energy density of batteries. [5] As the holy grail anode, Li metal possesses the ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and low potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). The promising feature renders Li metal anode to be an indispensable candidate for constructing next-generation high-energy-density batteries. [6] A high energy density of 400 or even 500 Wh kg −1 can be achieved with Li metal batteries (LMBs) matching Ni-rich LiNi x Co y Mn (1−x−y) O 2 (0 < x, y <1), oxygen, or sulfur cathodes, etc. [7][8][9] However, the conversion chemistry and high reactivity of Li metal also bring great challenges to the design of robust LMBs with long lifespan and high safety. [10,11] Specifically, Li dendrite growth and infinite volume variation lead to unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li metal anodes, resulting in low Li utilization, capacity decline, and even safety risk, [12] severely hindering the practical applications of LMBs. [13][14][15] Recently, extensive strategies have been exploited to control the dendrite growth of Li metal anodes, including engineering electrolytes and additives, [16] designing 3D host structures, [17][18][19] constructing artificial SEI, [20,21] applying solid-state electrolyte (SSE), [22][23][24] and adjusting operation conditions. [25] A high Coulombic efficiency (>99.9%) and long lifespan (>1000 cycles) have been reported in the materials-level coin cells. [26][27][28] Notably, Li dendrite growth is primarily driven by the kinetical limitation of Li-ion diffusion near the electrolyte/electrode interface. Serious dendrite issues can be encountered under harsh operating conditions in pouch cells, considering the accelerated consumption of Li ions at large currents and high Lithium metal battery has been considered as one of the potential candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the dendrite growth issue in Li anodes results in low practical energy density, short lifespan, and poor safety performance. The strategies in suppressing Li dendrite growth are mostly conducted in materials-level coin cells, while their validity in device-level pouch cells is still under debate. It is imperative to address dendrite issues in pouch cells to realize the practical application of Li metal batteries. This review prese...

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Section: Regulation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Principles of Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…In contrast, some other additives do not perform as good as TFEB, including methyl pentafluoropropionate (MPFP), 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate (TFEA), and ethyl trifluoroacetate (ETFA). Battery performance at low temperature is influenced by many factors . Many efforts have been made to reveal possible mechanisms for low-temperature battery performance by experiments, including the slow-down of Li + transportation, such as slow diffusion of ions, low transference number in bulk electrolyte, , increased activation barrier for the Li + desolvation, − etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Battery performance at low temperature is influenced by many factors. 44 Many efforts have been made to reveal possible mechanisms for low-temperature battery performance by experiments, including the slow-down of Li + transportation, such as slow diffusion of ions, 35 low transference number in bulk electrolyte, 36,37 increased activation barrier for the Li + desolvation, 38−42 etc. Zhang et al 45 illustrated that EC-free electrolytes create a highly stable, low-impedance SEI through anion decomposition, which boosts capacity retention and eliminates Li plating during charging, while EC forms highly resistive SEI that seriously impedes electrode kinetics.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fluorinated Carboxylic Acid Ester on Lithium Solvation as an Additive in Electrolyte and Low-Temperature Insight on Battery Performance

Han

Yang

Liu

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The fluorinated carboxylic acid esters are effective additives to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Among them, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylbutyrate (TFEB) has been reported as a good additive to enhance battery performance, especially at low temperatures. It becomes a consensus that the solvation structure around lithium ion plays a crucial role in LIBs. However, it remains a mystery how such additives impact lithium solvation and how the impact changes at low temperatures. In this work, classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to investigate microcosmic mechanisms of the influence of TFEB on a typical commercial electrolyte composed of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6)/ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in LIBs. Although TFEB is a minority species, it can significantly modify the lithium solvation structure. The introduction of TFEB facilitates the participation of anion in the solvation shell, due to its weaker coordination ability compared to EC/EMC, which was elucidated by the detailed analyses including radial distribution functions, cluster analysis, cage residence time, etc. We further investigated a series of TFEB analogs (TFEA, ETFA, and MPFP) and found that a moderately weak coordination ability is essential in the design of electrolytes. Furthermore, it was uncovered not only that the coordination number of the anions will decrease at low temperatures but also that their orientations are significantly changed. We demonstrated that the introduction of TFEB will alleviate this tendency, which may be advantageous to low-temperature performance. In summary, the critical role of fluorinated additives is uncovered by our MD simulations in modulating the Li+ solvation structure and improving the low-temperature performance of LIB, which provides references to the design strategy of novel low-temperature fluorine-containing additive-based electrolytes.

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“…19–23 For electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage devices, their interfacial stability must be extended to extreme operating conditions, including extreme temperatures in various regions of the globe. 24–26…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%