A perspective on corrosion of multi-principal element alloys

Birbilis, Nick; Choudhary, S.; Scully, John R.; Taheri, Mitra L.

doi:10.1038/s41529-021-00163-8

Cited by 90 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In summary, color change is established as a reliable proxy for degradation in perovskite bulk samples, thin films and solar cell devices, and has aided researchers to improve perovskite device stability. This proxy is valid within the following limits: (1) the decomposition phases are optically distinguishable from the original film at the wavelengths selected for the hardware (light source and imaging system), (2) the lag between color change and device efficiency decrease is sufficiently small, and (3) bulk samples have a sufficiently large surface area to volume ratio such that surface degradation is representative of overall degradation.…”

Section: Figure 3 In-depth Analysis Of Perovskite Samples Can Be Targ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Open-Source Environmental Chamber for Materials-Stability Testing Using an Optical Proxy

Keesey

Tiihonen

Siemenn

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study is motivated by the desire to disseminate a low-cost, high-precision, high-throughput environmental chamber to test materials and devices under elevated humidity, temperature, and light. This paper documents the creation of an open-source tool with a bill of materials as low as US$2,000, and the subsequent evolution of three second-generation tools installed at three different universities spanning thin films, bulk crystals, and thin-film solar-cell devices. We introduce an optical proxy measurement to detect real-time phase changes in materials. We present correlations between this optical proxy and standard X-ray diffraction measurements, describe some edge cases where the proxy measurement fails, and report key learnings from the technology-translation process. By sharing lessons learned, we hope that future open-hardware development and translation efforts can proceed with reduced friction. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of scientific impact, wherein participating laboratories used their environmental chambers to study and improve the stabilities of halide-perovskite materials. All generations of hardware bills of materials, assembly instructions, and operating codes are available in open-source repositories.

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Section: Figure 3 In-depth Analysis Of Perovskite Samples Can Be Targ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Open-Source Environmental Chamber for Materials-Stability Testing Using an Optical Proxy

Keesey

Tiihonen

Siemenn

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Thus, the broader term of multi-principal alloys/multi-principal element alloys (MPAs/MPEAs) to describe this category of alloys has been introduced. Alloys fall into the MPEAs category when they consist of a large number of alloying elements in high concentrations, whereas at least two of them act as the principle-base elements [16]. These new definitions do not create any implications neither to the effect nor to the importance of configurational entropy [14,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alloys fall into the MPEAs category when they consist of a large number of alloying elements in high concentrations, whereas at least two of them act as the principle-base elements [16]. These new definitions do not create any implications neither to the effect nor to the importance of configurational entropy [14,16]. In this paper, the authors use the most recently developed definition of CCAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Complex Concentrated Alloys (CCAs) Utilizing Scrap to Preserve Critical Raw Materials

Chaskis

Bouzouni²,

Gavalas³

et al. 2022

International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy

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The research and development of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and complex-concentrated alloys (CCAs) are growing rapidly, focusing on the enhanced properties of these alloys. However, so far, their manufacturing has not exceeded the laboratory scale. To meet this challenge, a combination of the processing characteristics and methods along with their sustainable production must be ensured. Moving towards a circular economy, this includes the utilization of low-cost, widely available scrap for the manufacturing of CCAs. Changing the raw materials, can ensure a cost-efficient production and paves the way to surpass major limitations in the industrial manufacturing of CCAs. Examples of a novel lightweight CCA design approach will be presented in this work.

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“…In recent years, HEAs have been the subject of much research and development [ 12 ], attracting attention from the scientific community, because these alloys offer the potential for both high performance and a good balance of properties [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. This kind of alloy has been reported to exhibits high hardness and wear resistance [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], high corrosion and high-temperature resistance [ 19 ], high ductility [ 20 ], good fatigue resistance and fracture toughness [ 21 ], compared with some conventional alloys [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nb Additions and Heat Treatments on the Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Resistance of CuNiCrSiCoTiNbx High-Entropy Alloys

Avila-Salgado

Juárez-Hernández

Lara-Banda

et al. 2022

Entropy

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In this research, a set of CuNiCrSiCoTi (H-0Nb), CuNiCrSiCoTiNb0.5 (H-0.5Nb) and CuNiCrSiCoTiNb1 (H-1Nb) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were melted in a vacuum induction furnace. The effects of Nb additions on the microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior of these HEAs (compared with a CuBe commercial alloy) in the as-cast (AC) condition, and after solution (SHT) and aging (AT) heat treatments, were investigated using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and electron microscopy. A ball-on-disc configuration tribometer was used to study wear behavior. XRD and SEM results showed that an increase in Nb additions and modification by heat treatment (HT) favored the formation of BCC and FCC crystal structures (CS), dendritic regions, and the precipitation of phases that promoted microstructure refinement during solidification. Increases in hardness of HEA systems were recorded after heat treatment and Nb additions. Maximum hardness values were recorded for the H-1Nb alloy with measured increases from 107.53 HRB (AC) to 112.98 HRB, and from 1104 HV to 1230 HV (aged for 60 min). However, the increase in hardness caused by Nb additions did not contribute to wear resistance response. This can be attributed to a high distribution of precipitated phases rich in high-hardness NiSiTi and CrSi. Finally, the H-0Nb alloy exhibited the best wear resistance behavior in the aged condition of 30 min, with a material loss of 0.92 mm3.

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A perspective on corrosion of multi-principal element alloys

Cited by 90 publications

References 106 publications

An Open-Source Environmental Chamber for Materials-Stability Testing Using an Optical Proxy

An Open-Source Environmental Chamber for Materials-Stability Testing Using an Optical Proxy

Development of Complex Concentrated Alloys (CCAs) Utilizing Scrap to Preserve Critical Raw Materials

Effects of Nb Additions and Heat Treatments on the Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Resistance of CuNiCrSiCoTiNbx High-Entropy Alloys

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