A Perspective on Application of Carbon Quantum Dots in Luminescence Immunoassays

Hesari, Mahdi; Ding, Zhifeng

doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.580033

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…9 Although their chemical structure contains a lot of unknowns exemplified by the uncertainty about the chemical nature and scale of chiral geometries they possess, these properties allowed CDots to be used in sensors, bioimaging, drug delivery, catalysis, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics. [10][11][12][13][14] The extensive studies of nanocarbons for biomedical applications stimulated early works on their chirality. 15 For example, covalent attachment of L-or D-Cys moieties to the edges of graphene NPs leads to their helical buckling due to chiral interactions at the "crowded" edges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them are carbonaceous chiral particles often referred to as carbon dots (CDots) that have gained significant attention during the last decade because they offer a hard‐to‐find combination of multiple properties: biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, high colloidal stability, high photostability, bright photoluminescence (PL), spectral tunability, and facile chemical functionalization 9 . Although their chemical structure contains a lot of unknowns exemplified by the uncertainty about the chemical nature and scale of chiral geometries they possess, these properties allowed CDots to be used in sensors, bioimaging, drug delivery, catalysis, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics 10–14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eco‐friendly and low‐cost hydrothermal synthesis is the most widely used method for the preparation of CDots 15 . It also allows one to utilize a broad pool of starting materials (e.g., saccharides, amines, organic acids, and their derivatives) 14,21,22 . Chiral organic precursors are typically dissolved in a solvent and then heated in a Teflon‐lined autoclave above the carbonization threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal synthesis of chiral carbon dots

et al. 2022

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Nanocolloids that are cumulatively referred to as nanocarbons, attracted significant attention during the last decade because of facile synthesis methods, water solubility, tunable photoluminescence, easy surface modification, and high biocompatibility. Among the latest development in this reserach area are chiral nanocarbons exemplified by chiral carbon dots (CDots). They are expected to have applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and nanomedicine. However, the current methods of CDots synthesis show often contradictory chemical/optical properties and structural information that required a systematic study with careful structural evaluation. Here, we investigate and optimize chiroptical activity and photoluminescence of L-and D-CDots obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of L-and D-cysteine, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates that they are formed via gradual dehydrogenation and condensation reactions of the starting amino acid leading to particles with a wide spectrum of functional groups including aromatic cycles. We found that the chiroptical activity of CDots has an inverse correlation with the synthesis duration and temperature, whereas the photoluminescence intensity has a direct one, which is associated with degree of carbonization. Also, our studies show that the hydrothermal synthesis of cysteine in the presence of boric acid leads to the formation of CDots rather than boron nitride nanoparticles as was previously proposed in several reports. These results can be used to design chiral carbon-based nanoparticles with optimal chemical, chiroptical, and photoluminescent properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal synthesis of chiral carbon dots

et al. 2022

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“…Multiple approaches, such as fluorescent immunoassays, 46–48 nanoparticle luminescence, 49 , 50 or magnetic beads as the antibody support surface, 51 are used to enhance antigen detection. In immunoassays and RT-PCR, the detection is signaled through chemical conjugation to an enzyme or nanoparticle that drives a colorimetric reaction, a fluorophore, or another moiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigid monoclonal antibodies improve detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein

Hodge

Rosenberg

Grob

et al. 2021

mAbs

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the basis of treatments and diagnostics for pathogens and other biological phenomena. We conducted a structural characterization of mAbs against the N-terminal domain of nucleocapsid protein (NP NTD ) from SARS-CoV-2 using small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Our solution-based results distinguished the mAbs’ flexibility and how this flexibility affects the assembly of multiple mAbs on an antigen. By pairing two mAbs that bind different epitopes on the NP NTD , we show that flexible mAbs form a closed sandwich-like complex. With rigid mAbs, a juxtaposition of the antigen-binding fragments is prevented, enforcing a linear arrangement of the mAb pair, which facilitates further mAb polymerization. In a modified sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we show that rigid mAb-pairings with linear polymerization led to increased NP NTD detection sensitivity. These enhancements can expedite the development of more sensitive and selective antigen-detecting point-of-care lateral flow devices, which are critical for early diagnosis and epidemiological studies of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.

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“…However, there is an urgent need to improve the detection limit of these diagnostic devices that use various types of colorimetric mAb-based assays ( Alpdagtas et al, 2020 ). Multiple approaches, like florescent immunoassays ( Ahn et al, 2009 ; Loeffelholz & Tang, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ), nanoparticle luminescence ( Hesari & Ding, 2020 ; Teengam et al, 2017 ) or magnetic beads as the antibody support surface ( Fabiani et al, 2021 ), are used to enhance the detection of antigen. In immunoassays and RT-PCR, the detection is signaled through chemical conjugation to an enzyme or nanoparticle that drives a colorimetric reaction, a fluorophore, or another moiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigid monoclonal antibodies improve detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein

Hodge

Rosenberg

Wilamowski

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the basis of treatments and diagnostics for pathogens and other biological phenomena. We conducted a structural characterization of mAbs against the N-terminal domain of nucleocapsid protein (NPNTD) from SARS-CoV-2 using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Our solution-based results distinguished the mAbs’ flexibility and how this flexibility impacts the assembly of multiple mAbs on an antigen. By pairing two mAbs that bind different epitopes on the NPNTD, we show that flexible mAbs form a closed sandwich-like complex. With rigid mAbs, a juxtaposition of the Fabs is prevented, enforcing a linear arrangement of the mAb pair, which facilitates further mAb polymerization. In a modified sandwich ELISA, we show the rigid mAb-pairings with linear polymerization led to increased NPNTD detection sensitivity. These enhancements can expedite the development of more sensitive and selective antigen-detecting point-of-care lateral flow devices (LFA), key for early diagnosis and epidemiological studies of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens.

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A Perspective on Application of Carbon Quantum Dots in Luminescence Immunoassays

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Hydrothermal synthesis of chiral carbon dots

Hydrothermal synthesis of chiral carbon dots

Rigid monoclonal antibodies improve detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein

Rigid monoclonal antibodies improve detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein

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