Recognition of the positive impact of Communities of Practice and increased opportunities for social learning across discipline, national and international boundaries has seen growing interest in Communities of Practice in higher education. The authors in this book articulate the theoretical foundations of Communities of Practice (CoPs), the research into their application in higher education, CoP leadership roles and how CoPs sustain and support professional learning. The theoretical and leadership focus of this book provides the foundation for, and is complemented by, a companion book, Implementing Communities of Practice in Higher Education: Dreamers and Schemers, also edited by Jacquie McDonald and Aileen Cater-Steel, and published by Springer. The companion book has a more practical focus with examples and case studies of both student and academic CoPs, applications in sciences or humanities, curriculum development and virtual communities. The two books are the result of the marvellous response of 69 submissions to the initial call for proposals, demonstrating the impressive scope and interest in higher education CoPs. The wide geographic reach of the contents of this book is indicated by the fact that there are contributions from 71 authors from seven countries (