A personalised-approach to identifying important determinants of well-being

Ciarrochi, Joseph; Sahdra, Baljinder K.; Hayes, Steven C.; Hofmann, S.; Sanford, Brandon; Stanton, Cory E.; Yap, Keong; Fraser, Madeleine; Gates, Kathleen M.; Gloster, Andrew T.

doi:10.31219/osf.io/m4zhw

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…By doing this, it is possible to estimate a measure of the overall effect size (fixed effect) and an effect size for each participant based on their individual slopes. Consistently, and in keeping with the recent calls to characterize the heterogeneity of fixed effects, which is often under-reported (e.g., Hayes et al, 2022 ; Ciarrochi et al, 2023 Sahdra et al, 2023 ), we aimed to examine the distribution of the effect size of individual slopes of our effects of interest. The fixed effect sizes do not necessarily characterize the experience of every person in the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon registration in the survey platform (EthicaData Services Inc., 2023), research assistants contacted each participant, explained the study in more detail and instructed them to answer short surveys five times a day, for 10 days. Participants who responded 80% or more of the prompts had an incentive of a giftcard with 10.000 CLP, and surveys were programmed at 10:00 am, 13:00 pm, 16:00 pm, 19:00 pm, and 21:00 pm.…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cycle of solitude and avoidance: a daily life evaluation of the relationship between internet addiction and symptoms of social anxiety

Hernández,

Ferrada,

Ciarrochi

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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A consistent association has been observed between internet addiction and symptoms of social anxiety. However, there is a lack of empirical research that delves into potential explanations for this relationship and its directionality, making it difficult to translate findings into development of interventions for social anxiety that account for technology-related behaviors. The present study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal dynamics between internet addiction, symptoms of social anxiety, avoidance of social interactions, and using the internet to cope with loneliness. By means of an ecological momentary assessment study, we evaluated a sample of 122 young adults from Chile using intensive self-report measurements five times a day, for a period of 10 days. Using mixed-effects models, we examined the directionality between internet addiction and symptoms of social anxiety, together with an explanation of their relationship. Results indicate that internet addiction antecedes symptoms of social anxiety; however, the reverse relationship was not observed. Furthermore, instances where individuals avoided social interactions or used the internet to cope with loneliness were predictive of later increases in levels of internet addiction, suggesting a vicious cycle. Significant heterogeneity was observed in these effects, highlighting the need for a more personalized approach when including technology-related behaviors in social anxiety interventions. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cycle of solitude and avoidance: a daily life evaluation of the relationship between internet addiction and symptoms of social anxiety

Hernández,

Ferrada,

Ciarrochi

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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“…All methods were approved by the local ethics committee (EKNZ-165/13) and all participants completed an informed consent. Data were derived from a transdiagnostic controlled effectiveness clinical trial focused on treating patients diagnosed with a DSM-IV disorder in an inpatient setting using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a common transdiagnostic intervention method (Ciarrochi et al, 2023;Sahdra et al, 2022).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Average Isn't Enough: Identifying Meaningful Subgroups in Clinical Data

Gloster¹,

Nadler²,

Firsching-Block³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Clinical data are usually analyzed with the assumption that knowledge gathered from group averages applies to the individual. Doing so potentially obscures patients with meaningfully different trajectories of therapeutic change. Needed are “idionomic” methods that first examine idiographic patterns before nomothetic generalizations are made. The objective of this paper is to test whether such an idionomic method leads to different clinical conclusions.Methods: 51 patients completed weekly process measures and symptom severity over a period of eight weeks. Change trajectories were analyzed using a nomothetic approach and an idiographic approach with bottom-up clustering of similar individuals. The outcome was patients’ well-being at post-treatment.Results: Individuals differed in the extent that underlying processes were linked to symptoms. Average trend lines did not represent the intraindividual changes well. The idionomic approach readily identified subgroups of patients that differentially predicted distal outcomes (well-being).Conclusions: Relying exclusively on average results may lead to an oversight of intraindividual pathways. Characterizing data first using idiographic approaches led to more refined conclusions, which is clinically useful, scientifically rigorous, and may help advance individualized psychotherapy approaches.

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The Compassion Balance: Understanding the Interrelation of Self- and Other-Compassion for Optimal Well-being

et al. 2023

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Objectives This study examined the role of self-other harmony in the relations between self-compassion, other-compassion, and well-being. Past research has shown self- and other-compassion to be positively related. But we hypothesised that self-compassion can be perceived as incompatible with other-compassion, and that self-compassion and other-compassion might be uncorrelated or negatively correlated in daily life for some individuals. We termed this pattern lack of self-other harmony in compassion and hypothesised that it would undermine the benefits of compassion. Method Using an experience sampling method in patients (n=154) with a variety of diagnoses, we measured self-compassion, other-compassion, life-satisfaction, mood, and contextual variables six times per day for 42 time points. Results For most participants, self-compassion was positively associated with other-compassion. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in this effect. The degree of self-other harmony moderated the link between compassion directed towards self or other and well-being. Higher levels of compassion were associated with higher levels of well-being, but only for those who experienced the harmony. When the two forms of compassion were not in harmony, levels of self/other-compassion were largely unrelated to well-being. Conclusions The findings emphasise the importance of personalised compassion interventions rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Increasing self-compassion or other-compassion is likely to improve well-being for most people. However, for a minority lacking the self-other harmony, it may be necessary to assess their interpretation of self- and other-compassion, then work with them to promote the compassion balance optimal for their well-being. Preregistration This study is not preregistered.

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A personalised-approach to identifying important determinants of well-being

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

The cycle of solitude and avoidance: a daily life evaluation of the relationship between internet addiction and symptoms of social anxiety

The cycle of solitude and avoidance: a daily life evaluation of the relationship between internet addiction and symptoms of social anxiety

When Average Isn't Enough: Identifying Meaningful Subgroups in Clinical Data

The Compassion Balance: Understanding the Interrelation of Self- and Other-Compassion for Optimal Well-being

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