A Persian version of the parental bonding instrument: Factor structure and psychometric properties

Behzadi, Behnaz; Parker, Gordon

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.042

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“… 13 Moreover, it is worth saying that the results obtained concern specifically the particular western cultural context, in which the research has been conducted, since parenting styles differ greatly between cultures. 36 – 38 The PBI overprotection factor in fact showed some cross-cultural inconsistencies, since the more collective eastern cultures, and in particular the Japanese and Chinese ones, do not assign a positive value to child independence and autonomy. 38 It is therefore likely that the positive link between high care and encouragement of freedom (low overprotection) may be specific only to western cultures, consequently representing a protective factor exclusively in these cultural contexts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The parental bonding in families of adolescents with anorexia: attachment representations between parents and offspring

Balottin

Mannarini

Rossi

et al. 2017

NDT

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IntroductionThe attachment theory is widely used in order to explain anorexia nervosa origin, course and treatment response. Nevertheless, very little literature specifically investigated parental bonding in adolescents with anorexia, as well as the parents’ own bonding and intergenerational transmission within the family.PurposeThis study aims to identify any specific pattern of parental bonding in families of adolescents newly diagnosed with restricting-type anorexia, comparing them to the families of the control group.Patients and methodsA total of 168 participants, adolescents and parents (78 belonging to the anorexia group and 90 to the control one), rated the perceived parental styles on the parental bonding instrument. The latent class analysis allowed the exploration of a maternal bonding latent variable and a paternal one.ResultsThe main findings showed that a careless and overcontrolling parental style was recalled by the patients’ parents, and in particular by the fathers. As far as the adolescents’ responses were concerned, patients with anorexia did not seem to express differently their parental bonding perception from participants of the control group.ConclusionClinical implications driven from the results suggest that a therapeutic intervention working on how the parents’ own attachment representations influence current relationships may help to modify the actual family functioning and thus the outcome of patients with anorexia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The parental bonding in families of adolescents with anorexia: attachment representations between parents and offspring

Balottin

Mannarini

Rossi

et al. 2017

NDT

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“…Despite its widespread use, there is no consensus regarding the factor structure of the PBI. While some studies have confirmed the original two-factor structure ( Kitamura et al, 2009 ; Mackinnon, Henderson, Scott, & Duncan-Jones, 1989 ; Parker et al, 1979 ), other studies have suggested three- ( Cox, Enns, & Clara, 2000 ; Cubis, Lewin, & Dawes, 1989 ; Heider et al, 2005 ; E. Murphy, Brewin, & Silka, 1997 ; Sato et al, 1999 ) or four-factor solutions ( Behzadi & Parker, 2015 ; Liu, Li, & Fang, 2011 ; Uji, Tanaka, Shono, & Kitamura, 2006 ). In most previous studies converging on a three-factor solution, items within the control factor have been shown to form two distinct factors: (a) overprotection, consisting of items such as “[my mother/father] felt I could not look after myself unless she or he was around” and (b) autonomy, consisting of items such as “[my mother/father] let me decide things for myself.” In four-factor solutions, items originally measuring the care factor also separated into two dimensions, although this was observed mainly in non-European samples of Japanese ( Uji et al, 2006 ), Chinese ( Liu et al, 2011 ), and Persian respondents ( Behzadi & Parker, 2015 ).…”

Section: Psychometric Properties Of the Pbi And Methodological Challementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from cultural or linguistic differences, several methodological issues may explain these factor structure inconsistencies. While some studies relied on exploratory factor analytic (EFA) methods or principal component analyses (e.g., Gómez-Beneyto, Pedrós, Tomás, Aguilar, & Leal, 1993 ; E. Murphy et al, 1997 ), others utilized confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs, e.g., Behzadi & Parker, 2015 ; Terra et al, 2009 ; Tsaousis, Mascha, & Giovazolias, 2011 ). Although traditional EFA methods can be useful for determining the number of factors to retain, they typically do not provide goodness-of-fit information; it is therefore difficult to assess whether the model provides an adequate representation of the data.…”

Section: Psychometric Properties Of the Pbi And Methodological Challementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Validation of the Parental Bonding Instrument in a U.K. Population–Based Sample: Role of Gender and Association With Mental Health in Mid-Late Life

Morin

Marsh

et al. 2016

Assessment

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The factorial structure of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) has been frequently studied in diverse samples but no study has examined its psychometric properties from large, population-based samples. In particular, important questions have not been addressed such as the measurement invariance properties across parental and offspring gender. We evaluated the PBI based on responses from a large, representative population-based sample, using an exploratory structural equation modeling method appropriate for categorical data. Analysis revealed a three-factor structure representing “care,” “overprotection,” and “autonomy” parenting styles. In terms of psychometric measurement validity, our results supported the complete invariance of the PBI ratings across sons and daughters for their mothers and fathers. The PBI ratings were also robust in relation to personality and mental health status. In terms of predictive value, paternal care showed a protective effect on mental health at age 43 in sons. The PBI is a sound instrument for capturing perceived parenting styles, and is predictive of mental health in middle adulthood.

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“…The factor structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of PBI were also examined. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were all high, ranging from 0.79 to 0.88 for the maternal and the paternal forms (Behzadi & Parker, 2015). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of maternal care and overprotection were 0.89 and 0.76, respectively in this study.…”

Section: Ruminative Response Scale (Rrs)mentioning

confidence: 96%

The Mediating Role of Rumination on Parenting Style, Childhood Trauma, and Adulthood Depression

Bahari

Firoozabadi

Mohammadkhani

2019

Pract. Clin. Psychol.

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The present study aimed to determine the roles of maternal care and overprotection. We also explored how they are combined to develop rumination as well as various childhood traumas and parenting styles as the risk factors for depression. Methods: This was a retrospective study with a causal-comparative design. In total, 175 students with the ِ Mean±SD age of 21±2.75 years (age range: 18-35 years) affiliated to Alborz Medical University, Tehran University, and Kharazmi University have been selected using purposive sampling method. They completed the 2nd version of Beck Depression Inventory, Ruminative Response Scale, Parental Bonding Instrument, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), path analysis, mediation analysis, and correlation calculations, in SPSS and AMOS. Results: The mediating role of rumination in respect of parenting styles (P<0.02) and depression (P<0.001) was statistically significant. Moreover, parenting styles and childhood traumas, and their interaction may lead to the development of rumination and depression (P<0.001). The pathways of the effects were different; limited maternal care plays an indirect role in this process. This indicates that it will lead to depression and rumination only if emotional abuse is experienced in childhood. However, overprotection can directly lead to these conditions. Conclusion: Paying attention to parenting styles, childhood traumas, and their interaction to prevent rumination and depression is important. This is due to the identified direct and indirect effects of parenting behaviors.

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A Persian version of the parental bonding instrument: Factor structure and psychometric properties

Cited by 25 publications

References 51 publications

The parental bonding in families of adolescents with anorexia: attachment representations between parents and offspring

The parental bonding in families of adolescents with anorexia: attachment representations between parents and offspring

Psychometric Validation of the Parental Bonding Instrument in a U.K. Population–Based Sample: Role of Gender and Association With Mental Health in Mid-Late Life

The Mediating Role of Rumination on Parenting Style, Childhood Trauma, and Adulthood Depression

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