A permanent host shift of rabies virus from Chiroptera to Carnivora associated with recombination

Ding, Nai-Zheng; Xu, Dong-Shuai; Sun, Yuanyuan; He, Hongbin; He, Cheng-Qiang

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00395-2

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Many viruses appear to have diverged from a common ancestor through genetic exchanges and reassortments to expand their diversity, likely including capripoxviruses 26 . However, novel features arising in new chimeric progeny as a result of these events may include drastic phenotypic changes such as a shift in host range, pathogenicity and in transmission pathways 27 . The first field evidence of capripoxvirus recombination between a virulent and vaccine strain was published recently, with the new virus clustering outside both distinct groups of vaccine and field strains 4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus

Кононов

Byadovskaya

David

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The transmission of "lumpy skin disease virus" (LSDV) has prompted intensive research efforts due to the rapid spread and high impact of the disease in recent years, especially in eastern europe and Balkan countries. in this study, we experimentally evaluate the vaccine-derived virulent recombinant LSDV strain (Saratov/2017) and provide solid evidence on the capacity of the virus for transmission in a vectorproof environment. In the 60-day long experiment, we used inoculated bulls (IN group) and two groups of in-contact animals (C1 and C2), with the former (C1) being in contact with the inoculated animals at the onset of the trial and the latter (C2) being introduced at day 33 of the experiment. The infection in both groups of contact animals was confirmed clinically, serologically and virologically, and viremia was demonstrated in blood, nasal and ocular excretions, using molecular tools. further studies into LSDV biology are a priority to gain insights into whether the hypothesized indirect contact mode evidenced in this study is a de novo-created feature, absent from both parental stains of the novel (recombinant) LSDV isolate used, or whether it was dormant, but then unlocked by the process of genetic recombination. Author summary: in global terms, LSD has been termed a "neglected disease" due to its historic natural occurrence of being restricted to Africa and, occasionally, israel. However, after its slow spread throughout the Middle east, the disease is now experiencing a resurgence of research interest following a recent and rapid spread into more northern latitudes. Given the dearth of solid findings on potential transmission mechanisms, no efficient or reliable control program currently exists, which does not involve the use of live attenuated vaccines or stamping out policies-both of which are controversial for implementation in non-endemic regions or countries. the vector-borne mode is the only working concept currently available, but with scarce evidence to support the aggressive spread northwards-except for human-assisted spread, including legal or illegal animal transportation. the emergence of outbreaks is not consistently linked to weather conditions, with the potential for new outbreaks to occur and spread rapidly. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence for indirect contact-mode transmission for a naturally-occurring recombinant LSDV isolated from the field. In an insect-proof facility, we obtained solid evidence that the novel LSDV strain can pass to in-contact animals. Given the recombinant nature of the virus utilised, its genetic background relating to the observed transmission pattern within the study needs to be delineated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus

Кононов

Byadovskaya

David

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In further support of these findings, the entire SARS-CoV genome has now been sequenced across multiple separate but related viruses circulating in bats, strongly suggesting that the human virus is a recombinant form of these ancestral variants 114 . Outside coronaviruses, recombination in the rabies virus glycoprotein was shown to facilitate cross-species transmission from bats to skunks and raccoons 115 . Thus, in addition to the rapid mutation rate characteristic of many RNA viruses, recombination provides an additional mechanism to rapidly overcome barriers in novel host species.…”

Section: Attachmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence

et al. 2020

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Most viral pathogens in humans have animal origins and arose through cross-species transmission. Over the past 50 years, several viruses, including Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2, have been linked back to various bat species. Despite decades of research into bats and the pathogens they carry, the fields of bat virus ecology and molecular biology are still nascent, with many questions largely unexplored, thus hindering our ability to anticipate and prepare for the next viral outbreak. In this Review, we discuss the latest advancements and understanding of bat-borne viruses, reflecting on current knowledge gaps and outlining the potential routes for future research as well as for outbreak response and prevention efforts.

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“…These host transfers might involve either increased exposure to virus of the new host organism or the acquisition of viral variations that allow the virus to overcome species barriers to infection of the new hosts. Similar virus cases of host jump were reported occasionally ( Parrish et al, 2008 ; Kreuder et al, 2015 ) and several typical documentations included that a plant virus switching hosts to infect a vertebrate ( Gibbs and Weiller, 1999 ), H7N9 avian influenza starting to infect humans ( Shi et al, 2014 ) and permanent host shift of rabies virus from Chiroptera to Carnivora ( Ding et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Evidence for Cross-Species Transmission of Covert Mortality Nodavirus to New Host of Mugilogobius abei

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Viral covert mortality disease (VCMD), caused by covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), is a newly emerging disease affecting most cultured shrimp and other crustaceans, but not fish. However, we discovered for the first time that Mugilogobius abei, a common marine fish collecting from shrimp farming ponds and surrounding coastal waters in China, was tested to be CMNV positive based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay. Further investigation based on the quantitative RT-LAMP assay indicated that 39% individuals of sampled M. abei were CMNV positive. Sequencing and alignment of sequences revealed that the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene of CMNV isolated from M. abei shared 98% homology with that from the original CMNV isolates. Histopathological analysis showed that CMNV infection in M. abei could induce extensive skeletal muscle necrosis, nervous tissue vacuolation in retina of eye and cerebellum of brain. Positive signals were verified in skeletal muscle, eye, brain and intestine by in situ hybridization (ISH) with CMNV probes. Under transmission electron microscope (TEM), CMNV particles were further visualized in the cytoplasm of neurogliocytes, granulocytes and myocytes in the CMNV positive samples diagnosed by ISH. All findings suggested that CMNV, a typical alphanodavirus originated from shrimp, could switch their hosts to fish by cross-species transmission. Meanwhile, the results reminded us to pay close attention to the high risk of CMNV to use fish as intermediate or new host as well as potentially spread or cause epidemic among cultured marine fish.

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A permanent host shift of rabies virus from Chiroptera to Carnivora associated with recombination

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus

Non-vector-borne transmission of lumpy skin disease virus

Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence

Evidence for Cross-Species Transmission of Covert Mortality Nodavirus to New Host of Mugilogobius abei

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