A performance study of hybrid direct carbon fuel cells: Impact of anode microstructure

Lee, Ji Yong; Song, Rak Hyun; Lee, Seungbok; Lim, Tak‐Hyoung; Park, Seok Joo; Shul, Yong Gun; Lee, Jong Won

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.05.145

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Due to the current of Cells I and II being mainly generated by direct carbon oxidation and CO oxidation, the current densities of these cells are lower than that of Cell III at a given voltage as shown in Figure 7b. 69 Direct carbon oxidation and CO oxidation has less effect than CO3 2mediated oxidation, as shown in Figure 7c. All these reactions should be followed by a regeneration of CO3 2ions so that the electric charge of the molten carbonate can be kept neutral.…”

Section: Hybrid Carbonate/ Solid Oxidementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Excellent cell performance is obtained in this designed system. 69,77 An representative example is the remarkable power density of 878 mW cm -2 obtained at 750 C on a DCFC with a composite NiO-YSZ anode and a mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3 using pyrolysed medium density fibreboard (PMDF) as the fuel. This is the highest power output as yet reported in DCFC systems.…”

Section: Hybrid Carbonate/ Solid Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pore volume and surface area of the Ni-YSZ anode were appropriately tailored using PMMA pore-formers ( Figure 19). 69 Microstructural and electrochemical experiments demonstrated that (i) the modification of the anode microstructure with the incorporation of PMMA-derived pores leads to an increased power density; (ii) the anode surface area plays a dominant role in improving cell performance; and (iii) the reaction mechanism involves the CO oxidation mode as well as the direct carbon oxidation and the carbonate-mediated oxidation modes. The improved power capability of the hybrid DCFC can be understood in terms of the increased number of reaction sites for CO oxidation due to the presence of PMMA-derived pores.…”

Section: Power Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ratio of each reaction mode is calculated as iI/iIII, iII/iIII, (iIII -iI-iII)/iIII for the direct carbon oxidation mode, CO oxidation mode, and carbonate-mediated oxidation mode, respectively. Reprinted from ref 69…”

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confidence: 99%

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Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells

et al. 2017

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A direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) can produce electricity with both superior electrical efficiency and fuel utilisation compared to all other types of fuel cells. Although the first DCFC prototype was proposed in 1896, there was, until the 1970s, little sustained effort to investigate further, because of technology development issues. Interest in DCFCs has recently been reinvigorated as a possible method of replacing conventional coal-fired power plants to meet the demands for lower CO emissions, and indeed for efficient utilisation of waste derived chars. In this article, recent developments in direct carbon conversion are reviewed, with the principal emphasis on the materials involved. The development of electrolytes, anodes and cathodes as well as fuel sources is examined. The activity and chemical stability of the anode materials are a critical concern addressed in the development of new materials. Redox media of molten carbonate or molten metal facilitating the transportation of ions offer promising possibilities for carbon oxidation. The suitability of different carbon fuels in various DCFC systems, in terms of crystal structure, surface properties, impurities and particle size, is also discussed. We explore the influence of a variety of parameters on the electrochemical performance of DCFCs, with regard to their open circuit voltage, power output and lifetime. The challenges faced in developing DCFCs are summarised, and potential prospects of the system are outlined.

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Section: Hybrid Carbonate/ Solid Oxidementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Hybrid Carbonate/ Solid Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Power Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells

et al. 2017

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“…3 shows various types of fuel cells and their characteristics, i. e. fuel and oxidant, anodic and cathodic reactions, electrolytes and operating temperature range [9]. For detailed descriptions of other main fuel cell types see references [10].…”

Section: Background To Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Chen

Gao

Long

et al. 2015

ILCPA

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Fuel cells are under development for a range of applications for transport, stationary and portable power appliances. Fuel cell technology has advanced to the stage where commercial field trials for both transport and stationary applications are in progress. Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) utilize solid carbon as the fuel and have historically attracted less investment than other types of gas or liquid fed fuel cells. However, volatility in gas and oil commodity prices and the increasing concern about the environmental impact of burning heavy fossil fuels for power generation has led to DCFCs gaining more attention within the global study community. A DCFC converts the chemical energy in solid carbon directly into electricity through its direct electrochemical oxidation. The fuel utilization can be almost 100% as the fuel feed and product gases are distinct phases and thus can be easily separated. This is not the case with other fuel cell types for which the fuel utilization within the cell is typically limited to below 85%. The theoretical efficiency is also high, around 100%. The combination of these two factors, lead to the projected electric efficiency of DCFC approaching 80% -approximately twice the efficiency of current generation coal fired power plants, thus leading to a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The amount of CO 2 for storage/sequestration is also halved. Moreover, the exit gas is an almost pure CO 2 stream, requiring little or no gas separation before compression for sequestration. Therefore, the energy and cost penalties to capture the CO 2 will also be significantly less than for other technologies. Furthermore, a variety of abundant fuels such as coal, coke, tar, biomass and organic waste can be used. Despite these advantages, the technology is at an early stage of development requiring solutions to many complex challenges related to materials degradation, fuel delivery, reaction kinetics, stack fabrication and system design, before it can be considered for commercialization. This paper, following a brief introduction to other fuel cells, reviews in detail the current status of the direct carbon fuel cell technology, recent progress, technical challenges and discusses the future of the technology.

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Anodes for Carbon‐Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Zhou

Jiao

et al. 2015

ChemElectroChem

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been considered as one of the most promising technologies for high‐efficiency electrical energy generation using a variety of fuels, including hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, carbon monoxide, liquid hydrocarbons and solid carbon. Carbon‐fueled SOFCs (CF‐SOFCs) potentially have the highest volume power density because solid carbon has a fuel energy density of 23.95 kWh L−1, which is approximately 10 times higher than that of liquid hydrogen. However, the reactivity and fluid mobility of carbon is significantly lower than those of gaseous fuels; thus, CF‐SOFCs will be kinetically limited at the anode. Herein, we review the development of anodes in CF‐SOFCs from the perspective of material compositions and microstructures. Challenges and research trends based on the fundamental understanding of the materials science and engineering for anode development in CF‐SOFCs are discussed.

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A performance study of hybrid direct carbon fuel cells: Impact of anode microstructure

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells

Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells

Progress and Challenges in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

Anodes for Carbon‐Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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