A penetration-aspiration scale

Rosenbek, John C.; Robbins, Jane; Roecker, Ellen B.; Coyle, Jame L.; Wood, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1007/bf00417897

Cited by 2,235 publications

(1,806 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Probably dysphagia in our patients arises from a disturbance occurring before or after pharyngeal deglutition. PD = Parkinson's disease; SWAL-QOL = dysphagia-specific quality of life questionnaire; FEES = fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing; MBS = modified barium swallow study; G1, G2 = group 1, group 2; P-A scale = penetration-aspiration scale by Rosenbek et al [18] a Only pre-therapy evaluation b…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Therapy for Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Review

2008

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This systematic review explores the effects of dysphagia treatment for Parkinson's disease. The review includes rehabilitative, surgical, pharmacologic, and other treatments. Only oropharyngeal dysphagia is selected for this literature search, excluding dysphagia due to esophageal or gastric disorders. The effects of deep brain stimulation on dysphagia are not included. In general, the literature concerning dysphagia treatment in Parkinson's disease is rather limited. Most effect studies show diverse methodologic problems. Multiple case studies and trials are identified by searching biomedical literature databases PubMed and Embase, and by hand-searching reference lists. The conclusions of most studies cannot be compared with one another because of heterogeneous therapy methods and outcome measures. Further research based on randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness of different therapies for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease is required.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trials were presented in random order. Swallowing was analyzed using qualitative (penetration-aspiration scale [P-A] by Rosenbek et al [18] and number of tongue pumps) and quantitative (timed variables) swallowing parameters. Patients were tested 1 h after medication during the on-motor phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Therapy for Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Review

2008

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“…A validated 8-point penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) (12), was used to assess the depth to which material passes in the airway and by whether or not material entering the airway is expelled during the swallow sequence (PAS score 1 = no aspiration, 2-5 = penetration, 6-8 = aspiration). Swallows of poor image quality, as determined by the expert analyst,…”

Section: Fluoroscopy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bolus Volume and Viscosity on Pharyngeal Automated Impedance Manometry Variables Derived for Broad Dysphagia Patients

et al. 2012

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“…After assessing several swallows with the Rosenbek Penetration-Aspiration Scale [9](Pen-Asp) it was noted that many of the participants who were on enteric feeding because of their risk of aspiration could score within the normal range, a score of 1 on this scale. This occurred when no penetration or aspiration occurred even though there was severe residual pooling in the pyriform sinuses and none of the bolus entered the esophagus.…”

Section: Dysphagia Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surface Electrical Stimulation Both at Rest and During Swallowing in Chronic Pharyngeal Dysphagia

et al. 2006

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We tested two hypotheses using surface electrical stimulation in chronic pharyngeal dysphagia: that stimulation 1) lowered the hyoid bone and/or larynx when applied at rest, and 2) increased aspiration, penetration or pharyngeal pooling during swallowing. Bipolar surface electrodes were placed on the skin overlying the submandibular and laryngeal regions. Maximum tolerated levels of stimulation were applied while patients held their mouth closed at rest. Videofluoroscopic recordings were used to measure hyoid movements in the superior-inferior (s-i) and anterior-posterior (a-p) dimensions and the subglottic air column (s-i) position while stimulation was on and off. Patients swallowed 5 ml liquid when stimulation was off, at low sensory stimulation levels, and at maximum tolerated levels (motor). Speech pathologists blinded to condition, tallied the frequency of aspiration, penetration, pooling and esophageal entry from videofluorographic recordings of swallows. Only significant (p=0.0175) hyoid depression occurred during stimulation at rest. Aspiration and pooling were significantly reduced only with low sensory threshold levels of stimulation (p=0.025) and not during maximum levels of surface electrical stimulation. Those patients who had reduced aspiration and penetration during swallowing with stimulation had greater hyoid depression during stimulation at rest (p= 0.006). Stimulation may have acted to resist patients' hyoid elevation during swallowing.

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A penetration-aspiration scale

Cited by 2,235 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of Therapy for Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Review

Effects of Therapy for Dysphagia in Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Review

Effect of Bolus Volume and Viscosity on Pharyngeal Automated Impedance Manometry Variables Derived for Broad Dysphagia Patients

Effects of Surface Electrical Stimulation Both at Rest and During Swallowing in Chronic Pharyngeal Dysphagia

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