A penalty-based adaptive secure estimation for power systems under false data injection attacks

Attack and Protection Technology of Intelligent Terminals for New Energy Internet Transmission, Transformation, and Distribution

“…erefore, to reduce the amount of data used for detection, this study selects the measurement sub-vectors P ij and P i to construct a vector Z D , and uses the Markov chain to model the state change process of Z D , and analyzes the state of Z D and its transition law. e state space, one-step transition matrix, and initial probability distribution vector are the three key elements for establishing the Markov chain model of the energy Internet, which together determine the properties of the Markov chain [15].…”

“…For the initial probability distribution vector, the sampling time before the time to be detected is taken as the initial time, and the state variable at this time is X 0 , in the case of known historical data, its initial probability distribution vector π(0) is known. e value of the element π S i (0) in π(0) is shown in formula (15).…”

“…e key to FDIA detection of the new energy Internet lies in how to process the measurement changes caused by the attack vector into obvious changes in state values. However, the state change process of the new energy Internet is random and complex, which makes the single Markov chain established according to equations ( 11)- (15) insensitive to attack vectors with different sparsity and attack strengths, that is, the comprehensiveness of detection cannot be guaranteed, so that the detection probability is insufficient [16].…”

“…For each Markov chain model in the dual model, the results can be obtained separately according to equations ( 11)- (15), historical data, and different reference values.…”

Cyber-Physical Attack Conduction and Detection in Decentralized Power Systems

“…In [18], an optimal filter and graph theory have been used to develop a distributed state estimation algorithm for a power distribution system integrating several synchronous generators which have been modeled as a state-space framework. In [19], authors proposed a penalty-based adaptive estimating approach for distributed power systems under FDIAs that can dynamically modify the penalty parameter depending on the area and boundary bus errors.The authors in [20] have used a nonlinear input observer to propose a distributed detection method against FDIAs. Reference [21] compares centralized and decentralized detection methods.…”