A path causal model in the association between self‐efficacy and self‐care with quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: An application of the structural equation model

Abstract

Background and Aims The simultaneous role of self‐care and self‐efficacy in improving the quality of life (QoL) of diabetic patients has been less considered in previous studies. This study was aimed to investigate the path association between self‐care and self‐efficacy with QoL using the structural equation model (SEM). Methods This cross‐sectional study was conducted with 496 individuals of type 2 diabetic patients aged 35–75 years that were selected consequently from outpatients' clinic, in Babol, the north of Iran. The data collection instruments were demographic, self‐care, self‐efficacy, and QoL scales. The conceptual hypothesized model was designed based on previous evidence and tested by confirmatory factor analysis using SEM and path coefficients were estimated by the maximum likelihood method. Results Self‐care had a significant relationship with employment status, level of education, and body mass index. QoL was significantly associated with economic status and place of residence. Self‐efficacy beliefs had a positive and a direct effect on both self‐care and QoL. But self‐care and self‐efficacy tended to have a nonsignificant positive relationship with QoL. The postulated conceptual path model was acceptable through the SEM goodness of fit criteria. Conclusion The findings show the fitness of the framework hypothesized structural model in the QoL of diabetic patients and this SEM makes this study unique from others. The results showed that the role of self‐efficacy and self‐care could be considered on the QoL. Therefore, nonpharmacological and supportive methods, such as strengthening self‐efficacy and self‐care, could be recommended as an effective method to enhance the QoL of diabetic patients.

The relationship between patient empowerment and related constructs, affective symptoms and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Twenty-two studies ( n = 5,005) ( 44 – 46 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 56 , 68 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 84 , 85 , 91 , 95 , 98 – 100 , 104 ) evaluated the relationship between empowerment-related constructs and general QoL in patients with T2DM. Specific patient empowerment scales were used in six studies ( 44 – 46 , 49 , 51 , 52 ) while self-efficacy was used in the remaining sixteen studies ( 56 , 68 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 84 , 85 , 91 , 95 , 98 – 100 , 104 ). One study ( 44 ) used ANOVA to quantify this association and was not included in the MA.…”

The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Medication Literacy and Medication Adherence Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“… 54 Improving self-efficacy among patients with type 2 diabetes has a positive direct impact on both self-care and quality of life. 55 Therefore, measures to improve self-efficacy among patients with type 2 diabetes should be adopted. Previous studies demonstrated that peer support and mobile apps for diabetes management can help people with type 2 diabetes improve their self-efficacy.…”

Effectiveness of a nurse‐led personalized patient engagement program to promote type 2 diabetes self‐management: A randomized controlled trial

“…Self‐efficacy is a psychological construct in managing chronic conditions (Xie et al, 2020), which directly influences dedication to sustaining health behaviors and improving health outcomes (Bandura, 2018). Higher self‐efficacy leads to better adherence to self‐care (Fereydouni et al, 2022), improved DSM (Hurst et al, 2020), and reduced diabetes complications (C. Tan, Cheng, et al, 2020). However, DSM requires lifelong commitment and motivation (Speight et al, 2020), coping with new and undesirable situations, and adapting to these situations physiologically and psychologically (Fidan et al, 2020).…”