A particle technology approach toward designing dry-powder inhaler formulations for personalized medicine in respiratory diseases

Inhaled aerosols: Their role in COVID-19 transmission, including biophysical interactions in the lungs

“…Odziomek et al [ 70 ] proposed a novel vehicle for aerosol drugs (e.g., anti-inflammatory or bronchodilating agent) in the form of a composite particle containing a mucus-thinning compound (e.g., N-acetylcystein). The preparation of such powder particles with properties suitable for inhalations done with dry powder inhalers is challenging [ 71 , 72 ], however it was possible to obtain it, and to demonstrate an increase of the effective diffusion of model drugs through a mucus layer in vitro [ 73 ].…”

A Pathway From Porous Particle Technology Toward Tailoring Aerogels for Pulmonary Drug Administration

“…This administration route can enhance the absorption of drugs for systemic treatments due to the special character of alveoli region, like high surface area ( ca. 100 m 2 ), thin epithelium layer and high vascularization ( Borghardt et al, 2018 ; Hadiwinoto et al, 2018 ; Deshkar and Vas, 2019 ; Kadota et al, 2020 ). The inhalation therapy can also provide local treatments with higher efficacy and reduce side effects compared to systemic administration, by targeting directly the desired region and by increasing the drug concentration in the lungs ( Borghardt et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Applying these criteria, the oral inhalation route is suggested for the prescription of anticholinergic drugs in case of asthma or mild-to-moderate COPD. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are the recommended inhaler devices in clinical practices and become the optimal choice for patients with lung diseases ( Kadota et al, 2020 ).…”

“…DPIs are inhaler devices gaining special interest and market share for pulmonary delivery as they are portable, environmentally-friendly and convenient to achieve a high degree of patient compliance ( Hadiwinoto et al, 2018 ; Levy et al, 2019 ; Kadota et al, 2020 ). Moreover, the solid form of the formulation in DPIs favors the stability of drugs.…”

“…Lung deposition is a determinant factor to reach the desired therapeutic outcomes in pulmonary drug delivery ( Borghardt et al, 2018 ; Kadota et al, 2020 ). Mathematical models to study particle deposition in different areas of the lungs or in the whole respiratory tract have been developed since the 1930s ( Fernández Tena and Casan Clarà, 2012 ).…”