A partial least squares-path model of causality among environmental deterioration indicators in the dry period of Paraopeba River after the rupture of B1 tailings dam in Brumadinho (Minas Gerais, Brazil)

A structural equation model of land capability and related drivers: Implications for land degradation forecasting in a tropical river basin

“…Some main tributaries of Paraopeba River are indicated in Figure 1, namely Ribeirão Grande, Ribeirão Betim, Ribeirão do Cedro and Ribeirão Sarzedo, on the right bank; as well as Rio Manso, Rio Pardo and Ribeirão Serra Azul on the left bank. The basin is the home to 48 municipalities, including Brumadinho where the rupture of a large tailings dam occurred in 25 January 2019 causing severe contamination of soils, river sediments and surface water (Mendes, do Valle Junior, de Melo Silva, et al, 2022; Mendes, do Valle Junior, de MMAP, et al, 2022; Pacheco, de Oliveira, et al, 2022; Pacheco, do Valle Junior, et al, 2022; Pissarra et al, 2022), besides the socio‐economic disaster. Figure 1a illustrates the area of Ferro‐Carvão stream directly affected by the deposition of tailings, which propagated until the confluence of this small water course with the Paraopeba River 10 km downstream.…”

“…The critical t ‐values at significance levels ( p ) of 1, 5, and 10% error probability, are 2.57, 1.96 and 1.65, respectively. Usually, bootstrapping behaves satisfactorily for n x ≥ 30, and a suitable PLS–PM model requires p < 0.05 (Mendes, do Valle Junior, de Melo Silva, et al, 2022; Mendes, do Valle Junior, de MMAP, et al, 2022). There is no unique value for the minimum R 2 of a PLS–PM model with predictive capacity.…”

“…The basin is the home to 48 municipalities, including Brumadinho where the rupture of a large tailings dam occurred in 25 January 2019 causing severe contamination of soils, river sediments and surface water (Mendes, do Valle Junior, de Melo Silva, et al, 2022;Mendes, do Valle Junior, de MMAP, et al, 2022;Pacheco, de Oliveira, et al, 2022;Pissarra et al, 2022), besides the socio-economic disaster. Figure 1a the Cwa subtype (humid subtropical with dry winter and hot summer) in the central-north sector; and the Cwb subtype (humid subtropical with dry winter and temperate summer) in the central-south sector (Alvares et al, 2013).…”

A framework model to determine groundwater contamination risk based on a L-Matrix of aquifer vulnerability and hazardous activity indices

“…Various studies integrated on this project have already reported water quality and other environmental impacts caused by the dam break event [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , but groundwater have not been investigated so far. In this method article, we present a brief description of some contamination risk results, namely those related with the industrial activities hazards.…”