“…(1998) discuss eight different orientations to childhood and youth (see also Hwang et al. 1996, Jenks 1982, 1996; Levander and Singley 2003) They include the discourses of the innocent child (Ariès 1962; Conveny 1967; Jenks 1996; Zelitzer 1985), the evil child (Reese 2000; Stone 1977), the unconscious child of Freudian theory (Blum 1995; Kincaid 1992; Roazen 1968), the tribal child who is defined as living in a distinctive children’s world or culture that warrants the same regard as the adult world (Denzin 1971; Opie 1960), and the minority group child (Alanen 1988, Cannella and Kincheloe 2002, Mayall 2002; Oakley 1993). The latter discourse treats children as forming an identifiable and sometimes mistreated minority group in society.…”