A parametric study on thermal management of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Fan, Li‐Wu; Khodadadi, J. M.; Pesaran, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.050

Cited by 421 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…4,5 Ideally, temperature control should be guided by the temperature inside the pouch cell, but making measurements inside an operating pouch cell has been difficult. Instead, the outside temperature has usually been taken as a surrogate for the internal temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Feng

Ren

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A high energy X-ray diffraction technique is employed in a new way to make operando through-thickness measurements inside a large format commercial Li-ion pouch cell. The technique, which has a sub-mm in-plane spatial resolution, simultaneously determines the local temperature, the local state of charge of both electrodes (as opposed to the global average state of charge determined electrochemically), and the local in-plane elastic strain in the current collectors, all without embedding any intrusive sensors that alter battery behavior. As both thermal strain and mechanical strain develop during the charge-discharge cycling of the pouch cell, a novel approach developed herein makes it possible to separate them, allowing for measurement of the local temperature inside the battery. The operando experiment reveals that the temperature inside the cell is substantially higher than the external temperature. We propose that mechanical strain is due primarily to load transfer from the electrode to the current collector during lithiation, allowing determination of the local binder. Detailed local SOC mapping illustrates non-uniform degradation of the battery pouch cell. The possibility for 3D measurements is proposed. We believe that this new approach can provide critically needed data for validation of detailed models of processes inside commercial pouch cells. Today's electric vehicles generally use pouch cells rather than the more traditional cylindrical cells. An important advantage of pouch cells is their much higher surface-to-volume ratio for a given capacity, which permits better cooling. Batteries tend to heat up because of the hot environments that cars experience, internal electric resistance heating, and exothermic chemical reactions during operation. The performance of batteries fades over time, and high temperatures (say, above 45• C) greatly accelerate the fade rate 1,2 and may promote thermal runaway, 3 making temperature control critical. 4,5 Ideally, temperature control should be guided by the temperature inside the pouch cell, but making measurements inside an operating pouch cell has been difficult. Instead, the outside temperature has usually been taken as a surrogate for the internal temperature. [6][7][8] If pouch cells are sufficiently thin, and if the thermal conductivity is high enough, then it is reasonable to assume that the temperature measured at an x-y location on the outside of a pouch cell, with a thermocouple or with a thermal infrared (IR) camera, is close to the temperature at that x-y location all the way through its thickness. However, auto makers are motivated to make pouch cells thicker, reducing the number of expensive seals, electrical connections, and controls. Since local temperatures inside a thick cell might well be too high under some conditions, knowledge of the spatial distribution of internal temperature is of vital importance for achieving long life at low cost.A number of techniques have been developed to measure internal cell temperatures, 10-17 but measurement of loca...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Feng

Ren

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Wijewardana et al consider the C-rate effect in the estimation of SOC by employing an extended Kalman filter technique. Computational thermal models and temperature distribution estimations were proposed in References [25][26][27][28]. Additionally, finite element analysis models to estimate the temperature distribution in the battery were presented in References [25,[27][28][29].…”

Section: Existing Battery Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational thermal models and temperature distribution estimations were proposed in References [25][26][27][28]. Additionally, finite element analysis models to estimate the temperature distribution in the battery were presented in References [25,[27][28][29]. This kind of simulation requires knowledge of thermal properties of the battery cell materials, such as thermal capacity, density, mechanical construction and cooling of the battery.…”

Section: Existing Battery Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Electro-Thermal Battery Pack Model of an Electric Vehicle

Alhanouti

Gießler

Blank³

et al. 2016

Energies

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Abstract:Since the evolution of the electric and hybrid vehicle, the analysis of batteries' characteristics and influence on driving range has become essential. This fact advocates the necessity of accurate simulation modeling for batteries. Different models for the Li-ion battery cell are reviewed in this paper and a group of the highly dynamic models is selected for comparison. A new open circuit voltage (OCV) model is proposed. The new model can simulate the OCV curves of lithium iron magnesium phosphate (LiFeMgPO 4 ) battery type at different temperatures. It also considers both charging and discharging cases. The most remarkable features from different models, in addition to the proposed OCV model, are integrated in a single hybrid electrical model. A lumped thermal model is implemented to simulate the temperature development in the battery cell. The synthesized electro-thermal battery cell model is extended to model a battery pack of an actual electric vehicle. Experimental tests on the battery, as well as drive tests on the vehicle are performed. The proposed model demonstrates a higher modeling accuracy, for the battery pack voltage, than the constituent models under extreme maneuver drive tests.

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“…CFD has been applied for the thermal analysis of ESS [47,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Though computational intense, if used properly the approach can derive very accurate results.…”

Section: Finite Volume Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Modelling Methods for Thermal Management of Batteries

Shabani¹,

Biju²

2015

Energies

101

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Abstract:The main challenge associated with renewable energy generation is the intermittency of the renewable source of power. Because of this, back-up generation sources fuelled by fossil fuels are required. In stationary applications whether it is a back-up diesel generator or connection to the grid, these systems are yet to be truly emissions-free. One solution to the problem is the utilisation of electrochemical energy storage systems (ESS) to store the excess renewable energy and then reusing this energy when the renewable energy source is insufficient to meet the demand. The performance of an ESS amongst other things is affected by the design, materials used and the operating temperature of the system. The operating temperature is critical since operating an ESS at low ambient temperatures affects its capacity and charge acceptance while operating the ESS at high ambient temperatures affects its lifetime and suggests safety risks. Safety risks are magnified in renewable energy storage applications given the scale of the ESS required to meet the energy demand. This necessity has propelled significant effort to model the thermal behaviour of ESS. Understanding and modelling the thermal behaviour of these systems is a crucial consideration before designing an efficient thermal management system that would operate safely and extend the lifetime of the ESS. This is vital in order to eliminate intermittency and add value to renewable sources of power. This paper concentrates on reviewing theoretical approaches used to simulate the operating temperatures of ESS and the subsequent endeavours of modelling thermal management systems for these systems. The intent of this review is to present some of the different methods of modelling the thermal behaviour of ESS highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 10154

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A parametric study on thermal management of an air-cooled lithium-ion battery module for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Cited by 421 publications

References 17 publications

Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

New Electro-Thermal Battery Pack Model of an Electric Vehicle

Theoretical Modelling Methods for Thermal Management of Batteries

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