“…These methods rely on a significant number of control points, and their application accuracy often depends on the geometric precision of the reference imagery (Gregory et al, 1999). Forward transformation, on the other hand, calculates the true coordinates of each pixel based on known sensor position and attitude data, such as the Parametric Geocoding method (Meyer 1994, Schläpfer et al 1998a/b, 2002. This approach has been successfully applied to various airborne sensors, including AISA, AVIRIS, and CASI.…”