A Parameterization of Evaporation from Bare Soil Surfaces

Kondo, Junsei; Saigusa, Nobuko; Sato, Takeshi

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1990)029<0385:apoefb>2.0.co;2

Cited by 251 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Consequently, this has led to the introduction of a "total suction adjustment" factor or an empirical "relative humidity (or vapour pressure) adjustment" factor. For example, Kondo et al, (1990) empirically found the relative humidity at the soil surface began to decline at an average volumetric water content of 39.2% for sand and 49.0% for loam. Lee and Pielke (1992) suggested the relative humidity at the soil surface begins to drop once the soil volumetric water content is below field capacity.…”

Section: Aementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirical correction factors were introduced to compensate for the difference between total suction at the evaporation front and the total suction at the ground surface. Kondo et al, (1990), Mahfouf and Noilhan (1991) and Lee and Pielke (1992), on the other hand, proposed an equation that adjusted the vapour pressure (or relative humidity) at the soil surface. This equation introduced the concept of "surface resistance" to the transport of water vapour from the soil pores (i.e., the evaporation front) to the soil-atmosphere interface.…”

Section: Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The field capacity of a soil (i.e., in terms of volumetric water content) has been previously used to assess not only soil "surface resistance", but also the relative humidity at soil surfaces (Kondo et al, 1990;Lee and Pielke, 1992;van de Griend and Owe, 1994;Aluwihare and Watanabe, 2003;Bittelli et al, 2008). Field capacity has been applied in several disciplines (e.g., hydrology and agricultural engineering) and while it corresponds to an applied matric suction of approximately 1/3 atmosphere, the soil may either be D r a f t…”

Section: Assessment Of Suction At "Evaporation-rate Reduction Point" mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil moisture availability factor equation has been derived from consideration of the evaporation rate from bare soil surfaces (Kondo et al, 1990). where: r s = soil "surface resistance" at top 0 -1 cm, s/m; θ top = volumetric water content of the top 1 cm layer, (%); θ min = an empirical minimum above which the soil is able to deliver vapour at a potential evaporation rate, (%).…”

Section: Estimation Of Vapour Pressure and Relative Humidity At The Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first category, total suction is adjusted based on the drying SWCC, and the thermodynamic relationship between the liquid and water vapour phases (Wilson, 1990;Alvenas and Jansson, 1997;Bittelli et al, 2008;Fredlund et al, 2011;and Dunmola, 2012). In the second category, relative humidity (or vapour pressure) is empirically determined based on parameterization of the surface specific humidity (Kondo et al, 1990;Mahfouf and Noilhan, 1991;and Lee and Pielke, 1992). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvements to the calculation of actual evaporation from bare soil surfaces

Tran¹,

Fredlund

Chan

2016

Can. Geotech. J.

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Evaporation of water from a saturated soil surface with ample free water is known as potential evaporation, PE, and the associated physical processes are quite well understood. However, evaporation of water from an unsaturated soil surface is known as actual evaporation, AE, and the associated physical processes are more complex and less understood. The calculation of actual evaporation is important for many geotechnical engineering applications. Soil suction and the corresponding water content at which the AE rate begins to depart from the PE rate during a drying process are re-assessed using a series of laboratory tests (i.e., thin soil section drying tests and soil column drying tests).Laboratory results show that the suction at which the actual rate of evaporation begins to depart from PE rate for soil columns (or thick soil layers) may be different than for thin soil layers. The suction at the "evaporation-rate reduction point", (ERRP) appears to be approximately 3,000 kPa for thin soil layers, but is between the air-entry value and residual soil suction for thick soil layers or soil columns. The analyses presented in this paper have resulted in the development of a methodology for the estimation of the suction corresponding to the ERRP in soil columns. Equations are also proposed to calculate the

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Section: Aementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Suction At "Evaporation-rate Reduction Point" mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Vapour Pressure and Relative Humidity At The Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvements to the calculation of actual evaporation from bare soil surfaces

Tran¹,

Fredlund

Chan

2016

Can. Geotech. J.

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An Assessment of Simulations of Climate Variability Over Australia With a Limited Area Model

Walsh

McGregor

1997

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Simulations with a general circulation model (GCM) and a limited area model (LAM) are presented for two contrasting years of observed rainfall over Australia, 1982 and 1988. The LAM is forced at its lateral boundaries by the GCM simulation. Both models were forced with the observed sea‐surface temperatures of those years, and five realizations of each model were performed in order to reduce the effects of internal variability. The resulting simulations are compared with observed rainfall for both years. Both models simulate differences in the mean rainfall over Australia between the two years that are similar to observed differences. Although the LAM has larger positive inherent biases than the GCM, it has smaller r.m.s. errors. The LAM simulated a much better pattern of rainfall than did the GCM, and has a greater ability to simulate observed regional anomalies of precipitation. Nevertheless, neither model adequately simulates the observed detailed pattern of rainfall anomalies over the continent for the respective years. The climatology of the LAM needs to be improved before it can be used to make inferences about regional interannual variability in a changed climate. © 1997 by the Royal Meteorological Society.

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Sensitivity of soil surface temperature in a force-restore equation to heat fluxes and deep soil temperature

et al. 1999

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The ‘force‐restore’ approach is commonly used in order to calculate the surface temperature in atmospheric models. A critical point in this method is how to calculate the deep soil temperature which appears in the restore term of the ‘force‐restore’ equation. If the prognostic equation for calculating the deep soil temperature is used, some errors in surface temperature calculation and consequently in partitioning the surface energy and land surface water can be introduced. Usually, these errors should appear as a result of incorrect parameterization of surface energy terms in the prognostic equation based on ‘force‐restore’ approach. In this paper, the sensitivity of the ‘force‐restore’ model for surface temperature to the: (a) changes of soil heat flux; (b) variations of deep soil temperature and (c) changes in soil water evaporation is examined. In addition, the impact of the deep soil temperature variations on partitioning the surface energy and land surface water is discussed. Finally, a new procedure for calculating the deep soil temperature based, on climatological data of soil temperature and its exponential attenuation in the deep soil layers is suggested. All numerical experiments with the LAPS land surface scheme were performed using two data sets, obtained from the micrometeorological measurements over a bare soil at Rimski Šančevi (Yugoslavia), RS, and Caumont (France), HAPEX. Copyright © 1999 Royal Meteorological Society

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A Parameterization of Evaporation from Bare Soil Surfaces

Cited by 251 publications

References 12 publications

Improvements to the calculation of actual evaporation from bare soil surfaces

Improvements to the calculation of actual evaporation from bare soil surfaces

An Assessment of Simulations of Climate Variability Over Australia With a Limited Area Model

Sensitivity of soil surface temperature in a force-restore equation to heat fluxes and deep soil temperature

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