A Parameter Study for 3D-Printing Organized Nanofibrous Collagen Scaffolds Using Direct-Write Electrospinning

Alexander, F.; Johnson, Lee J; Williams, Krystaufeux; Packer, Kyle

doi:10.3390/ma12244131

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The results show that a viscosity of 6-7 Pa*s produces linear fibers at 50% humidity. This humidity was higher than was shown to produce consistent fibers by Alexander et al (26) for collagen, but this difference may be due to altering the gelatin concentration as well as differences in gelatin versus collagen solutions. The optimal fibers were Figure 6: Interfiber spacing of 625mg/mL gelatin 70% acetic acid solution at a constant 45mm/s stage speed.…”

Section: Spacingmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Fuh et al previously tested the impact of needle-to-collector height for chitosan-poly(ethylene oxide) hybrid solution and showed a decrease in fiber diameter with increasing distance (28). The effect of needle gauge on solution direct-writing of biopolymers was not known as only 2 gauges (22 and 27 G) have been used within different previous studies (23,26,28). To test the impact of different needle gauges, we tested 20 G (ID=0.610mm), 22 G (ID=0.406 mm), and 25 G (ID=0.254 mm).…”

Section: Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible cause for the different impact seen is that the conductivity of the polymer may affect the speed of the polymer jet (21). Other parameters such as voltage and pressure have been shown to also impact fiber formation, but in this study, we assumed they were dependent upon the parameters tested here (17,23,26).…”

Section: Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, DWNFE systems have largely been implemented using synthetic polymers or solutions combining synthetic polymers with alginate or cellulose (22)(23)(24). Synthetic polymers provide mechanical properties similar to musculoskeletal fibrous tissue and are often biodegradable; however, they have limited bioactivity (25,26). Alternatively, collagen in an acetic acid solution has been recently used for DWNFE (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synthetic polymers provide mechanical properties similar to musculoskeletal fibrous tissue and are often biodegradable; however, they have limited bioactivity (25,26). Alternatively, collagen in an acetic acid solution has been recently used for DWNFE (26). This work has shown how adjusting the acetic acid concentration along with voltage and humidity can alter collagen fiber formation (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing variables of direct-write, near-field electrospinning impact size and morphology of gelatin fibers

Davis

Hussain

Fisher

2020

Preprint

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Several biofabrication methods are being investigated to produce scaffolds that can replicate the structure of the extracellular matrix. Direct-write, near-field electrospinning of polymer solutions and melts is one such method which combines fine fiber formation with computer-guided control. Research with such systems has focused primarily on synthetic polymers. To better understand the behavior of biopolymers used for direct-writing, this project investigated changes in fiber morphology, size, and variability caused by varying gelatin and acetic acid concentration, as well as, process parameters such as needle gauge and height, stage speed, and interfiber spacing. Increasing gelatin concentration at a constant acetic acid concentration improved fiber morphology from large, planar structures to small, linear fibers with a median of 2.3 µm. Further varying the acetic acid concentration at a constant gelatin concentration did not alter fiber morphology and diameter throughout the range tested. Varying needle gauge and height further improved the median fiber diameter to below 2 µm and variability of the first and third quartiles to within +/-1 µm of the median for the optimal solution combination of gelatin and acetic acid concentrations. Additional adjustment of stage speed did not impact the fiber morphology or diameter. Repeatable interfiber spacings down to 250 µm were shown to be capable with the system. In summary, this study illustrates the optimization of processing parameters for direct-writing of gelatin to produce fibers on the scale of collagen fibers. This system is thus capable of replicating the fibrous structure of musculoskeletal tissues with biologically relevant materials which will provide a durable platform for the analysis of single cell-fiber interactions to help better understand the impact scaffold materials and dimensions have on cell behavior.

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Section: Spacingmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing variables of direct-write, near-field electrospinning impact size and morphology of gelatin fibers

Davis

Hussain

Fisher

2020

Preprint

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Electrohydrodynamic 3D Printing of Aqueous Solutions

Reizabal

Tandon

Lanceros‐Méndez

et al. 2022

Small

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flow rate, nozzle diameter, and collector distance), as well as physicochemical properties of the fluid, induce different EHD effects, each one unique in terms of potential, limitations, and applicability. [7] A schematic showing selected examples of EHD techniques, and a summary grouping their general parameters are provided in Figure 1 and Table 1, respectively.By taking advantage of Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities, electrospraying and drop-on-demand EHD approaches allow particle generation, generally using lowconcentration polymer solutions. Electrospraying allows significant material volume processing but offers limited control in terms of size, shape, and particle placement accuracy (Figure 1a). [26] Drop-on-demand, in contrast, deals with smaller volumes but increases the control over the processed particle and printing resolution (Figure 1b). [27] As described by Taylor in 1969, by preventing Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities through the increase of fluid molecular entanglements, it is possible to achieve a continuous jet. [28,29] In electrospinning, small diameter fibers are achieved by taking advantage of bending or "whipping" instabilities, induced by large surface charge density. The non-woven mats obtained using electrospinning have been of great interest for nanotechnology research, however, accurate fiber deposition is challenging (Figure 1c). [29] In EHD writing (electrowriting [EW]), lower voltages prevent these whipping instabilities, and the EHD phenomenon results in the sustaining of a fluid jet at low flow rates, allowing for accurate control over fiber dimension and deposition (Figure 1e). [28] The control of material placement is a crucial feature for additive manufacturing since this permits the precise deposition of fibers forming 2D layers, which can be repeated to produce highly complex highresolution 3D structures. This becomes even more crucial for biomedicine where a key goal is to mimic the biological environment of native tissue to support and guide cellular growth or understand tissue regeneration mechanisms. [30,31] The use of jet-deflecting auxiliary electrodes allows the control of bending or "whipping" instabilities to achieve the accurate patterning of nanofibers, providing an intermediate approach between electrospinning and EW [32] (Figure 1d).EHD techniques have primarily focused on processing polymeric materials, although metals and ceramics have also been explored. [33,34] Polymeric melts provide a low-toxicity alternative avoiding the use of hazardous solvents, decreasing the material consumption, and reducing processing variables (e.g., evaporation), but have a limited selection of available materials. [35] Solution-based EHD processing can process a wider range of materials, however, commonly used organic solvents are often Among the various electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processing techniques, electrowriting (EW) produces the most complex 3D structures. Aqueous solution EW similarly retains the potential for additive manufacturing well-resolved 3D structures, while providing n...

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A review of strategies for development of tissue engineered meniscal implants

Klarmann

Gaston

2021

Biomaterials and Biosystems

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A Parameter Study for 3D-Printing Organized Nanofibrous Collagen Scaffolds Using Direct-Write Electrospinning

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Processing variables of direct-write, near-field electrospinning impact size and morphology of gelatin fibers

Processing variables of direct-write, near-field electrospinning impact size and morphology of gelatin fibers

Electrohydrodynamic 3D Printing of Aqueous Solutions

A review of strategies for development of tissue engineered meniscal implants

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