“…The above-mentioned traditional methods might fail to address the complexity due to various defects, like dimensionality problem [25], high computational burden [26], duality gap [27], or parameter tuning [28][29][30]. In recent years, with the booming development of computer technology, many evolutionary algorithms have been proposed to resolve these kind of problems [31][32][33], like genetic algorithm (GA) [34], differential evolution (DE) [35,36], particle swarm algorithm (PSO) [37][38][39][40], cuckoo search (CS) [41], Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy with a Directed Target to Best Perturbation (CMA-ES-DTBP) [42], and a clustered adaptive teaching-learning-based optimization (CATLBO) [43]. Compared with traditional methods, the evolutionary algorithms can produce satisfying solutions in most cases, regardless of the problem features (like continuity or nonconvexity) [44][45][46].…”