A panel of noncoding RNAs in non–small‐cell lung cancer

Abstract

Non–small‐lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Early detection of NSCLC could pave the way for effective therapies. Analysis of molecular genetic biomarkers in biological fluids has been proposed as a useful tool for cancer diagnosis. Here, we aimed to develop a panel of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in sputum for NSCLC early detection. Expression of 11 ncRNAs were analyzed by real–time polymerase chain reaction in sputum samples of 30 NSCLC patients and 30 sex‐ and age‐matched cancer‐free controls. Stability of endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) in sputum was evaluated after 3 and 6 days at 4°C, 6 months, and 1 year at −80°C. Nine ncRNAs showed significant differences of their expression in sputum between NSCLC patients and controls. A logistic regression model with the best prediction was built based on miR‐145, miR‐126, and miR‐7. The composite of the three miRNAs produced 90% sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing NSCLC patients from the controls. Results indicate that miRNAs could be useful biomarkers based on their stability under various storage conditions and maintain differential changes between cancer and control groups. Moreover, measurement of miRNAs in sputum could be a noninvasive approach for detection of lung cancer.

The Diagnostic Role of Sputum miRNA in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

“…In this period, 12 studies were excluded because they are reviews or meta-analyses (n=5), insu ciency information (n=3), detecting miRNA methylation (n=2) or data overlapping (n=2). As a result, 16 articles 11,13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] were eligible for nal meta-anlaysis. Figure 1A showed the process of studies identi cation.…”

“…These studies published from 2010 to 2018, and the sample size ranged from 30 to 315. Two studies conducted in Asian 24,27 , seven studies conducted in Caucasian 13,20,25,[28][29][30][31] and the remaining seven studies 11,19,[21][22][23]26,32 conducted in mixed population. Two studies 19,26 selected healthy population as controls, 11 studies 13,20-23,25,28-32 selected cancer-free subjects as controls, and the remaining three studies 11,24,27 applied benign pulmonary disease (BPD) as controls.…”

MicroRNA‐based biomarkers for diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

“…For example, we have shown that downregulations of miR‐486‐5p contribute to the development of NSCLC by regulating Pim‐1 and ARHGAP5 . We and others have also demonstrated that aberrant miRNA expressions detected in sputum biologically reflect those in primary lung cancer . We have recently developed a panel of two sputum miRNA (miR‐31‐5p and miR‐210‐3p) biomarkers for NSCLC with 65% sensitivity and 89% specificity .…”

“…[5][6][7][8] We and others have also demonstrated that aberrant miRNA expressions detected in sputum biologically reflect those in primary lung cancer. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] We have recently developed a panel of two sputum miRNA (miR-31-5p and miR-210-3p) biomarkers for NSCLC with 65% sensitivity and 89% specificity. 16 Furthermore, efforts have been made to develop cell-free (eg, plasma) biomarkers by detecting the circulating molecules directly released from lung tumors.…”

Tumor suppressor microRNAs in lung cancer: An insight to signaling pathways and drug resistance

“…Various microRNAs play key roles in LC pathogenesis and have the potential to be therapeutically targeted molecules and diagnostic markers. Therefore, investigation of the role of microRNA molecules may lead to an improved understanding of lung carcinogenesis and shed light on the therapeutic strategies and effective diagnostic to manage LC …”