A palynological biozonation for the uppermost Santonian and Campanian Stages (Upper Cretaceous) of South Carolina, USA

Sandy Hook sites

“…An interpretation of the relationship of the zonation used in this study to those discussed from previous studies is shown in Figure F11 and is a modification of the chart in Christo-pher and Prowell (2010). The interpreted ages of these zones are essentially those of Christopher and Prowell (2010), with the Coniacian and Santonian boundary placed at the boundary of the P. longiannulata-P. incisa and ?P. cuneata-S. verrucosa Zones to correspond to the correlation of that boundary by Christopher and Prowell (2010) to a position in nannofossil Zone CC16 (Lamolda et al, 2014).…”

“…According to Christopher (1979), the upper part of this zone is associated with the Sayreville Sand and the lower part with the Woodbridge Clay. It is interpreted as Cenomanian-Turonian using ages from Christopher and Prowell (2010). The C. exigua-S. minor Zone of Christopher (1979) is the next highest zone and has a much higher diversity of Normapolles and other triporate species along with notable abundances of Complexiopollis and Momipites.…”

“…The C. exigua-S. minor Zone of Christopher (1979) is the next highest zone and has a much higher diversity of Normapolles and other triporate species along with notable abundances of Complexiopollis and Momipites. According to Christopher (1979), this zone occurs in the South Amboy Fire Clay and the lower part of the Old Bridge Sand; it was formerly considered Turonian to Coniacian (Christopher, 1979) and most recently assigned to Coniacian (Christopher and Prowell, 2010). The P. longiannulata-P. incisa Zone of Christopher (1979) is marked by distinct increases in Plicapollis, Pseudoplicapollis, and Osculapollis and fewer Complexiopollis.…”

Taxonomia da tafoflora neógena da Formação Rio Claro, Jaguariúna, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

“…Distribuição estratigráfi ca. O provável mais antigo registro fóssil da ordem Poales parece ser um grão de pólen semelhante ao das Typhaceae ou Sparganiaceae do Campaniano (83-74 Ma) da Espanha (Médus, 1987) e da Carolina do Sul, EUA (Christopher & Prowell, 2010). Há também fósseis foliares atribuídos a Typha nas formações Magothy e Raritan do Cenomaniano (99-93 Ma) dos EUA (Hollick, 1906 As Typhaceae possuem registros sul-americanos seguros na forma de grãos de pólen a partir do Oligoceno, Formação Tremembé, na bacia de Taubaté (Lima et al, 1985).…”

Fossil calibration of Magnoliidae, an ancient lineage of angiosperms

“…In most cases, their ages are based on indirect palynological correlations with pollen and spore sequences that are dated by marine fossils. For example, for the US Atlantic Coastal Plain, these reference sections are in the US Western Interior and Gulf Coast (Hedlund and Norris, 1968;Ward, 1986;Ludvigson et al, 2010) and western Europe (Góczán et al, 1967;Kemp, 1970;Laing, 1975;Hughes, 1994;Heimhofer et al, 2005Heimhofer et al, , 2007Hochuli et al, 2006), which belonged to the same Southern Laurasian phytogeographic province of Brenner (1976;see Doyle, 1969asee Doyle, , 1977see Doyle, , 1992Wolfe and Pakiser, 1971;Doyle and Hickey, 1976;Doyle and Robbins, 1977;Christopher, 1979;Christopher et al, 1999;Christopher and Prowell, 2010). Some of these fossils, or others from the same localities, have been used for calibration in previous molecular dating studies (Doyle et al, 2004;Magallón and Castillo, 2009;Clarke et al, 2011;Pirie and Doyle, 2012).…”