A Packetized SPIHT Algorithm with Overcomplete Wavelet Coefficients for Increased Robustness

Abstract

This paper presents a wavelet-based image encoding scheme with error resilience and error concealment suitable for transmission over networks prone to packet losses. The scheme involves partitioning the data into independent descriptions of roughly equal lengths, achieved by a combination of packetization and modifications to the wavelet tree structure without additional redundancy. With a weighted-averaging-based interpolation method, our proposed encoding scheme attains an improvement of about 0.5-1.5 dB in PSNR over other similar methods. We also investigate the use of overcomplete wavelet transform coefficients as side information for our encoding scheme to improve the error resilience when severe packet losses occur. Experiments show that we are able to achieve a high coding performance along with a good perceptual quality for the reconstructed image.

A Joint Scheme for Delay-Limited Video Transmission over Energy-Constrained MANET

“…Motivated by the packetized 2-D SPIHT coding algorithms [3] partitioning the wavelet coefficients into independent packets to combat error propagation by shifting 2-D wavelet tree structure, here we modify it to 3-D by shifting the 3-D wavelet tree structure like 2-D case. The essential aim is the wavelet coefficients from different subbands are interleaved to form independent packets that can be decoded independently, and irrespective of the order they received the decoder.…”

Error Protection of Packetized SPIHT Bit Streams for Image Transmission Over Noisy Channels

“…The edge information required for the interpolation is obtained by taking advantage of the partitioning of the wavelet coefficients. The encoding process for the robust image encoding scheme is described in detail in [8]. The packetization along with the interpolation method improves the robustness of the data and makes it resilient to network errors.…”

“…The scheme is able to perform effectively in situations where both burst errors and small random bit errors are encountered, for example, network channels involving both wireless and wireline paths. The encoding scheme is built upon our previously developed packetized SPIHT coding scheme [7], [8] that provided errorresilience for images across packet erasure channels. The location or the position of the lost packet is either known to the decoder or can be easily determined in such cases.…”

“…By effectively partitioning the bitstream, data affected by uncorrectable errors are isolated, allowing the remaining data to be decoded. The interpolation scheme described in [8] is used to recover coefficients that are corrupted by uncorrectable errors.…”

Error-resilient and error concealment 3-D SPIHT for multiple description video coding with added redundancy

“…In our work, we are interested in investigating the error resilience performance offered by the domain-partitioning based MD coding approach built upon SPIHT. Several domain-partitioning based MD coders using 2-D or 3-D SPIHT [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] have been proposed in the literature. One successful method is spatial and temporal tree pre serving 3-D SPIHT (STTP-SPIHT) [39].…”