A one-year short-term biochar application improved carbon accumulation in large macroaggregate fractions

Zhang, Qingzhong; Du, Zhangliu; Lou, Yunwei; He, Xinhua

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2014.12.009

Cited by 82 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This biochar soil amendment approach has received some recognition worldwide (Day and Lee 2004;Marris 2006;Lehmann 2007), especially since certain biochar-related soil (including Terra preta) research results have also indicated the possibility of using biochar as a soil amendment for carbon sequestration (Gundale et al 2007;Solomon et al 2007; Lehmann et al 2006;Downie et al 2011;Lee et al 2010). Since the first USA biochar scientific symposium held in 2004 in Athens, Georgia, that was organized by one of us (Day) (Energy with Agricultural Carbon Utilization Symposium 2004), biochar research has increasingly become a wide-spread global scientific effort (Novak and Busscher 2013;Srinivasan et al 2015;Zhang et al 2015;Zhao et al 2015Zhao et al , 2014Windeatt et al 2014;Lehmannn and Joseph 2009;Bates 2010). Recently, biochar soil application has been discussed at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for possible consideration as a potential climate mitigation technology in accounting carbon credit (International Biochar Initiative), and a methodology for including biochar soil application as a carbon trading option has been reviewed by the American Carbon Registry (Koper et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions

Lee

Hawkins²,

Kidder

et al. 2016

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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Background: Application of modern biomass pyrolysis methods for production of biofuels and biochar is potentially a significant approach to enable global carbon capture and sequestration. To realize this potential, it is essential to develop methods that produce biochar with the characteristics needed for effective soil amendment.Methods: Biochar materials were produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions, then characterized by cation exchange (CEC) capacity assays, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements, micro/nanostructural imaging, infrared spectra and elemental analyses.Results: Under a standard assay condition of pH 8.5, the CEC values of the peanut hull-derived biochar materials, ranging from 6.22 to 66.56 cmol kg −1 , are significantly higher than those of the southern yellow pine-derived biochar, which are near zero or negative. The biochar produced from peanut hulls with a steam activation process yielded the highest CEC value of 66.56 cmol kg −1 , which is about 5 times higher than the cation exchange capacity (12.51 cmol kg −1 ) of a reference soil sample. Notably, biochar produced from peanut hulls with batch barrel retort pyrolysis also has a much higher CEC value (60.12 cmol kg ) from Eprida's H 2 -producing continuous steam injection process. The CEC values were shown to correlate well with the ratios of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms (O:C ratios) in the biochar materials. The higher O:C ratio in a biochar material may indicate the presence of more hydroxyl, carboxylate, and carbonyl groups that contribute to a higher CEC value for the biochar product. In addition, the increase in surface area can also play a role in increasing the CEC value of biochar, as in the case of the steam activation char. Conclusion:Comparison of characterization results indicated that CEC value is determined not only by the type of the source biomass materials but also by the pyrolysis conditions. Biochar with the desirable characteristics of extremely high surface area (700 m 2 /g) and cation exchange capacity (> 60 cmol kg) was created through steam activation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions

Lee

Hawkins²,

Kidder

et al. 2016

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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“…Undisturbed soil samples (Set 3) were physically fractionated into seven size classes, >5, 2–5, 1–2, 0.5–1, 0.25–0.5, 0.053–0.25, and <0.053 mm, using the wet‐sieving method described by Zhang, Du, Lou, and He (), with a slight modification that included 5‐min prewetting and fractionation time, which was determined by a preliminary experiment according to the properties of soil samples. The percentages of aggregates were used to count the mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and aggregate content with a diameter of >0.25 mm (R 0.25 ; Zhang, Wei, Jia, Han, & Ren, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undisturbed soil samples (Set 3) were physically fractionated into seven size classes, >5, 2-5, 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5, 0.053-0.25, and <0.053 mm, using the wet-sieving method described by Zhang, Du, Lou, and He (2015), with a slight modification that included 5-min prewetting and fractionation time, which was determined by a prelim- . The mixture subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was prepared following the methods recorded by Wang et al (2016).…”

Section: Water-stable Aggregate Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grass and maize vegetation systems restore saline‐sodic soils in the Songnen Plain of northeast China

et al. 2018

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Establishment of an appropriate vegetation system for reclamation of saline‐sodic soils requires studies for specific salt‐affected region(s). The phytoremediation of saline‐sodic soils has not been well documented in the Songnen Plain of northeast China. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of grass (G) and maize (Zea mays L.; M) vegetation systems, which were established for 5 years, on soil properties of 10 typical saline‐sodic sampling sites across the Songnen Plain, in comparison with respective nonvegetated areas that were used as controls (CK) for the evaluation of variability among the sampling sites. Physicochemical properties, such as soil moisture, bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, pH, electric conductivity, total salt, organic C, total N, and C/N ratio, were analyzed. G and M vegetation significantly produced a 108% and 153% improvement in soil quality, respectively. Additionally, metagenomic analysis of the soil bacterial community revealed that vegetation enhanced the ability of the bacteria to survive in saline‐sodic soils, relative to the control. The composition of the bacterial community was highly correlated with all of the soil physicochemical properties. G vegetation had better effects than M vegetation in enhancing soil organic C, total N and aggregate stability, whereas M vegetation more favorably adjusted soil pH, physical structure, and bacterial community than G vegetation did. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that M vegetation has a greater impact than G vegetation on repairing saline‐sodic soils in the Songnen Plain of northeast China.

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“…BC is the product of the slow pyrolysis of biomass, and its properties vary depending on certain factors such as feedstock type, time, and temperature conditions during preparation (de Corato et al, 2015;Gwenzi et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015). However, incorporating BC into soil proved to operate as a conditioner, by improving soil fertility through increasing soil organic C levels and nutrient availability (releasing its own nutrients and cycling existing nutrients in the soil and preventing their leaching), transforming phosphorus (P), enhancing soil field capacity, and decreasing bulk density (Ahmed and Schoenau, 2015;Bayabil et al, 2015;Dong et al, 2015;Gwenzi et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015). The large surface area and negative charges of BC immobilize nitrogen (N) and reduce N pollution (Dong et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effects due to biochar and endophyte application enable soybean to enhance nutrient uptake and modulate nutritional parameters

Waqas

Kim

Khan

et al. 2017

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:We studied the effects of hardwood-derived biochar (BC) and the phytohormone-producing endophyte Galactomyces geotrichum WLL1 in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with respect to basic, macro-and micronutrient uptakes and assimilations, and their subsequent effects on the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging activity. The assimilation of basic nutrients such as nitrogen was up-regulated, leaving carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen unaffected in BC+G. geotrichum-treated soybean plants. In comparison, the uptakes of macro-and micronutrients fluctuated in the individual or co-application of BC and G. geotrichum in soybean plant organs and rhizospheric substrate. Moreover, the same attribute was recorded for the regulation of functional amino acids, isoflavones, fatty acid composition, total sugar contents, total phenolic contents, and DPPH-scavenging activity. Collectively, these results showed that BC+G. geotrichum-treated soybean yielded better results than did the plants treated with individual applications. It was concluded that BC is an additional nutriment source and that the G. geotrichum acts as a plant biostimulating source and the effects of both are additive towards plant growth promotion. Strategies involving the incorporation of BC and endophytic symbiosis may help achieve eco-friendly agricultural production, thus reducing the excessive use of chemical agents.

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A one-year short-term biochar application improved carbon accumulation in large macroaggregate fractions

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions

Characterization of biochars produced from peanut hulls and pine wood with different pyrolysis conditions

Grass and maize vegetation systems restore saline‐sodic soils in the Songnen Plain of northeast China

Additive effects due to biochar and endophyte application enable soybean to enhance nutrient uptake and modulate nutritional parameters

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