Abstract:A novel reactor design has been completed and tested for catalytic separation and production of cumene. Use of a reactive separation column packed with a solid acid catalyst where simultaneous reaction and partial separation occur during cumene production allows separation of unreacted excess benzene from other products as they form. This high yielding system allows for one step processing of cumene, with reduced need for product purification. Beta catalysts produced promising results, including cumene selecti… Show more
“…Such an operation, where part of the naphtha-range product is recycled, is practiced commercially . Catalytic distillation can also be employed for continuous separation of feed and product, but it requires a more active catalyst than SPA, such as β-zeolite. 8 Solid phosphoric acid catalyzed combined oligomerization and alkylation process that includes recycling of unconverted aromatics and light olefins to produce mainly jet fuel.…”
The oligomerization of propene, as well as the alkylation of benzene and toluene with propene, was evaluated at 160-240°C, 3.8 MPa, and aromatic to olefin ratios of 1:6 to 6:1 using solid phosphoric acid (SPA) as a catalyst. It was found that steric effects were more important than electronic effects in determining alkylation rate and selectivity. Monoalkylation was favored even at the lowest aromatic to olefin ratio, and the isomer distribution of dialkylated aromatics remained constant irrespective of the conversion or operating conditions. No transalkylation or alkylbenzene isomerization activity was observed. It was shown that olefin oligomerization and aromatic alkylation could be combined in a single SPA catalyzed reaction system to produce a synthetic jet fuel that meets Jet A-1 specifications.
“…Such an operation, where part of the naphtha-range product is recycled, is practiced commercially . Catalytic distillation can also be employed for continuous separation of feed and product, but it requires a more active catalyst than SPA, such as β-zeolite. 8 Solid phosphoric acid catalyzed combined oligomerization and alkylation process that includes recycling of unconverted aromatics and light olefins to produce mainly jet fuel.…”
The oligomerization of propene, as well as the alkylation of benzene and toluene with propene, was evaluated at 160-240°C, 3.8 MPa, and aromatic to olefin ratios of 1:6 to 6:1 using solid phosphoric acid (SPA) as a catalyst. It was found that steric effects were more important than electronic effects in determining alkylation rate and selectivity. Monoalkylation was favored even at the lowest aromatic to olefin ratio, and the isomer distribution of dialkylated aromatics remained constant irrespective of the conversion or operating conditions. No transalkylation or alkylbenzene isomerization activity was observed. It was shown that olefin oligomerization and aromatic alkylation could be combined in a single SPA catalyzed reaction system to produce a synthetic jet fuel that meets Jet A-1 specifications.
We report on hydroarylation reactions of arenes with olefins under very mild conditions catalyzed heterogeneously by aluminum chlorofluoride (ACF; AlClxF3−x, x≈0.05–0.25). The reactions of benzene and toluene with ethylene or propylene proceed with high conversions to afford various alkylated arenes. For cyclohexene and 1‐hexene, the reactions require higher temperatures and the conversions are lower. ACF also catalyzes the hydroarylation of 1,3,5‐trifluorobenzene and pentafluorobenzene with ethylene and propylene. The alkylations of arenes with non‐fluorinated olefins resemble typical Friedel–Crafts chemistry to give rise to Markovnikov regioselectivity. The reaction of CF3CH=CH2 with benzene proceeds with anti‐Markovnikov regioselectivity to give the fluorinated olefin PhCHCH=CF2 and the alkylation product PhCH2CH2CF3 as products of C−F and C−H activation.
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