A one species — one population plant : how does the common fig escape genetic diversification ?

Valdeyron, G.; Kjellberg, Finn; Ibrahim, Muhammad; Raymond, Michel; Valizadeh, Mostafa

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70837-4_25

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the system of three or more generations, a continuous production of undelayed syconia until autumn is necessary in order to ensure the survival of the fig wasp. Field data on the two-generation system in southern France show that male trees have not adjusted to local conditions: undelayed syconia production is continuous as long as the weather does not become too cold. Our explanation is that gene flow in Ficus carica is too important to allow for local differentiation (Valdeyron et al, 1985). This would explain why no correlation was obtained between geographical distance and genetic distance with electrophoretic data (Valizadeh, 1978).…”

Section: Is the Gap General In F Carica?mentioning

confidence: 84%

THE STABILITY OF THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN DIOECIOUS FIGS AND THEIR POLLINATORS: A STUDY OF FICUS CARICA L. AND BLASTOPHAGA PSENES L.

et al. 1987

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Each Ficus species depends on a specific mutualistic wasp for pollination. The wasp breeds on the fig, each larva destroying a female flower. It is, however, not known why the wasps have not evolved the ability to use all female flowers. In "dioecious" figs, the wasp can only breed in the female flowers of the "male" trees, so that pollination of a female tree is always lethal. The wasps should therefore be selected to avoid female trees. Field data is presented showing that the fruiting phenology of the dioecious fig Ficus carica is such that this selection does not occur: syconia are not receptive at the same time on "male" and female trees. Most wasps are forced to emerge from the syconia of "male" trees at a time when they will not be able to reproduce, whether they avoid female trees or not. This aspect of the life cycle of the wasp, although noticed, has been obscured in most previous studies. It is shown that the fruiting phenology of Ficus carica, which stabilizes the symbiosis, is the result of short-term selective pressures on the male function of the trees. Such selective pressures suggest a possible pathway from monoecy to dioecy in Ficus under seasonal climates.

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Section: Is the Gap General In F Carica?mentioning

confidence: 84%

THE STABILITY OF THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN DIOECIOUS FIGS AND THEIR POLLINATORS: A STUDY OF FICUS CARICA L. AND BLASTOPHAGA PSENES L.

et al. 1987

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“…The observed low differentiation of fig nuclear genes (Valdeyron et al 1985) could be explained as well by this low differentiation as by the occurrence of subspontaneous populations. Hence nuclear polymorphism may be of limited value to provide insights on fig genetic structuring over the Mediterranean region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Contrasted genetic diversity and differentiation among Mediterranean populations of Ficus carica L.: A study using mtDNA RFLP

Khadari

Grout

Santoni

et al. 2005

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation revealed by RFLP were investigated for 63 individuals of the common fig, Ficus carica L., in 15 supposedly natural populations throughout the Mediterranean basin. Fifteen haplotypes were detected using one restriction enzyme (HindIII) and four probes (atp, coxIII, nad3rpsl2 and rps12). Mitochondrial diversity within populations varied from monomorphic to entirely polymorphic and population differentiation was high (F ST ¼ 0.323, P < 10 À5 ). Seven groups of populations were defined on the basis of genetic and geographic proximity and lead to significant pairwise F ST estimates except for the Corsican group which was similar to the Moroccan one. Fig populations were structured into three clusters: Balearic, West and East Mediterranean gene pools. The low diversity and strong differentiation of the Balearic populations strongly supports an ancient origin and the presence of natural populations in this area before domestication. Significant genetic differentiation between the West and East Mediterranean probably also reflects a diversification of the common fig over the Mediterranean basin preceding domestication. In contrast, Italian island populations seem to result from introduced cultivated fig since they present continental haplotypes. Our study represents a first mtDNA polymorphism survey and these indications should be confirmed by analysing local cultivated forms from the Baleares and from Italian islands and further natural populations from the East Mediterranean.

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“…Extensive seed dispersal should add to this barrier against local spatial differentiation. In a preliminary study using relatively few loci, Valdeyron et al 86 found virtually no spatial genetic differentiation in E carica over distances of up to 500 km. The degree of inbreeding in small populations of figs may vary, however, depending on the recruitment events that have given rise to them.…”

Section: Natural Range Extensions By Figs and Fig Waspsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Population biology of figs: Applications for conservation

McKey

1989

Experientia

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In tropical forests, figs may provide keystone resources for frugivores, providing fruit during seasons when other resources are scarce. Figs pose difficult problems for conservation biology, since minimum viable populations appear to be large, and since many species of tropical rainforests occur at low densities. This means that minimum areas required for persistence of a fig population and for those of other species that would be affected were figs to be removed from the system -may often be large.

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A one species — one population plant : how does the common fig escape genetic diversification ?

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

THE STABILITY OF THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN DIOECIOUS FIGS AND THEIR POLLINATORS: A STUDY OF FICUS CARICA L. AND BLASTOPHAGA PSENES L.

THE STABILITY OF THE SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN DIOECIOUS FIGS AND THEIR POLLINATORS: A STUDY OF FICUS CARICA L. AND BLASTOPHAGA PSENES L.

Contrasted genetic diversity and differentiation among Mediterranean populations of Ficus carica L.: A study using mtDNA RFLP

Population biology of figs: Applications for conservation

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