A One Health Approach Molecular Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Reveals Distinct Lineages in Isolates from Miranda Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Their Handlers

Silva, Vanessa; Alfarela, Cláudia; Caniça, Manuela; Manageiro, Vera; Nóvoa, Miguel; Leiva, Belen; Kress, Maria; Capelo-Martínez, José Luis; Poeta, Patrícia; Igrejas, Gilberto

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11030374

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Nevertheless, compared to the present results, studies by other authors have shown a higher percentage of strains resistant to this antibiotic (22.4% and 44%) [ 41 , 52 ]. The erm genes confer cross-resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins B [ 53 ]. Antimicrobial resistance results obtained in this study correlate with antibiotics that are used to treat cattle infections in Poland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

Gajewska¹,

Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska²,

Zadernowska³

2022

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Cheeses produced from unpasteurized milk by traditional production methods may contain many groups of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of S. aureus in the artisanal cheese production chain from unpasteurized milk. We investigated the prevalence of S. aureus strains isolated from various stages of artisanal cheese of unpasteurized milk production from farms in the northeastern and southern parts of Poland and characterized them. Characterization included antimicrobial susceptibility by microbroth dilution and biofilm formation by in vitro assay. Among all strains, the presence of enterotoxigenic genes and genes involved with biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance were screened by PCR-based methods. A total of 180 samples were examined. A high percentage of strains were resistant to penicillin (54/58.1%) and tobramycin (32/34.4%). Some tested isolates also showed resistance to the macrolide class of antibiotics: azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin at 17/18.3%, 15/16.1%, and 21/22.6%, respectively. Among tested isolates, we also found phenotypic resistance to oxacillin (9/9.7%) and cefoxitin (12/12.9%). The blaZ gene encoding penicillin resistance was the most common gene encoding antibiotic resistance among the tested strains. All isolates showing phenotypic resistance to cefoxitin possessed the mecA gene. The study also evaluated the prevalence of biofilm-associated genes, with eno the most frequently associated gene. Eighty-nine out of 93 S. aureus isolates (95.7%) possessed at least one enterotoxin-encoding gene. The results of this study showed that production of raw milk cheeses may be a source of antibiotic resistance and virulent S. aureus. Our results suggest that artisanal cheese producers should better control production hygiene.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

Gajewska¹,

Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska²,

Zadernowska³

2022

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“…Part of this work was a retrospective study that included 214 S. aureus strains, comprising mec A-MRSA, mec C-MRSA, and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates. The isolates were recovered from animals’ infections and from healthy animals between 2018 and 2021: purulent lesions of pigs ( n = 43), purulent lesions of farm rabbits ( n = 16), healthy cattle ( n = 36), quails ( n = 29), hunting dogs ( n = 11), camels ( n = 11), Miranda donkeys ( n = 4), wild hares ( n = 3), wild rodents ( n = 38) and wild owls ( n = 23) [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 12 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. All isolates were previously characterized regarding their antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages by MLST, spa -and agr -typing which will be used to performed statistical analysis to study the correlations between biofilm formation (evaluated in this study) and antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of the isolates [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 12 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the prevalence of S. aureus in chickens, pigs and sheep can be up to 90%, 42% and 29%, respectively, and in cows it ranges from 14 and 35% [ 5 ]. S. aureus has been detected in a taxonomically diverse range of animals, such as, carnivores, ruminants, lagomorphs, insectivore, reptiles and birds, living in a wide range of ecological niches [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Nevertheless, as in humans, S. aureus can also cause various types of infections in animals, the most common of which are mastitis in bovine, skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals, septic arthritis in poultry, abscesses in rabbits among others [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus from Pets, Livestock, and Wild Animals: Relationship with Clonal Lineages and Antimicrobial Resistance

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to compare the biofilm formation ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a wide range of animals and study the association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages. A total of 214 S. aureus strains isolated from pets, livestock, and wild animals were evaluated regarding their ability to form biofilms by the microtiter biofilm assay and their structure via confocal scanning laser microscopy. Statistical analysis was used to find an association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, sequence types (STs), spa and agr-types of the isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 24 h-old biofilms was assessed against minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and 10× MIC of amikacin and tetracycline, and the biomass reduction was measured. The metabolic activity of biofilms after antimicrobial treatment was evaluated by the XTT assay. All isolates were had the ability to form biofilms. Yet, significant differences in biofilm biomass production were detected among animal species. Multidrug resistance had a positive association with biofilm formation as well as methicillin-resistance. Significant differences were also detected among the clonal lineages of the isolates. Both tetracycline and amikacin were able to significantly reduce the biofilm mass. However, none of the antimicrobials were able to eradicate the biofilm at the maximum concentration used. Our results provide important information on the biofilm-forming capacity of animal-adapted S. aureus isolates, which may have potential implications for the development of new biofilm-targeted therapeutics.

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“…This lineage is primarily associated with humans, but it has been also found among animals and in the environment [ 55 , 62 ]. Moreover, ST30-MSSA-t012 has been detected in hospitalized humans and livestock workers in Portugal, in the same region where the samples of this study were collected [ 63 , 64 ]. Both ST30-MSSA-t012 isolates carried the virulence gene tst , in addition to the hemolysins genes, which is in accordance with other studies that have shown that S. aureus ST30 often carries pathogenicity islands including the tst gene [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from Hunters and Hunting Dogs

et al. 2022

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Several studies have showed that a dog-to-human transmission of Staphylococcus aureus occurs. Hunting dogs do not have as much contact with their owners as dogs that live in the same household as the owners; however, these dogs have contact with their owners during hunting activities as well as when hunting game; therefore, we aimed to isolate S. aureus from hunters and their hunting dogs to investigate a possible S. aureus transmission. Nose and mouth samples were collected from 30 hunters and their 78 hunting dogs for staphylococcal isolation. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were accessed using the Kirby–Bauer method and respective antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated by PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spa- and agr-typing was performed in all S. aureus isolates. S. aureus were detected in 10 (30%) human samples and in 11 (15.4%) dog samples of which 11 and 5 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Other staphylococci were identified, particularly, S. pseudintermedius. Most S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Evidence of a possible transmission of S. aureus between human and dogs was detected in three hunters and their dogs. S. aureus isolates were ascribed to 10 STs and 9 spa-types. A moderate colonization of S. aureus in hunting dogs and their owners was detected in this study. A few dog-to-dog and dog-to-human possible transmissions were identified.

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A One Health Approach Molecular Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Reveals Distinct Lineages in Isolates from Miranda Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Their Handlers

Cited by 8 publications

References 69 publications

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus from Pets, Livestock, and Wild Animals: Relationship with Clonal Lineages and Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus from Hunters and Hunting Dogs

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