A one-foetus pregnancy monitored by ultrasonography and progesterone blood levels in a German Shepherd bitch: a case report

Domosławska, Anna; Jurczak, Andrzej; Janowski, Tomasz

doi:10.17221/1567-vetmed

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, as a result of stress stimuli caused by insufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen through the placenta, cortisol is released (activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) and reaches the mother's organism through the placenta, leading to PGF2α release, which initiates luteolysis (Ochota et al 2014). Frequently, a single large foetus necessitates a caesarean section (Domoslawska et al 2011). In our investigations, only one of the four singleton pregnancies was terminated with a caesarean section.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…In fact, a one-foetus pregnancy can occur in any breed. The observations made by Domoslawska et al (2011) demonstrate that the most frequent indication for ultrasound monitoring is singleton pregnancies, which are burdened with high risk. Singleton litters are rare in large and giant breeds, whereas miniature and brachycephalic breeds such as the Chihuahua or the Russian toy are particularly predisposed to the phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Singleton litters are rare in large and giant breeds, whereas miniature and brachycephalic breeds such as the Chihuahua or the Russian toy are particularly predisposed to the phenomenon. Some authors, e.g., Domoslawska et al (2011), also classify Yorkshire terriers into this group. However, in the present investigations, there were only four singleton litters out of the total of 124, which accounted for 3.2% of all completed pregnancies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reproductive parameters in Yorkshire terrier dogs in Poland

Goleman¹,

Karpiński²,

Czyżowski³

et al. 2018

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The aim of this study was to determine the basic reproductive parameters, i.e., litter size, gestation length, neonatal mortality rate and the type of delivery in Yorkshire terrier dogs, one of the most popular breeds in Poland. We have verified a hypothesis put forward by breeders that larger females have fewer whelping difficulties and produce larger litters and that pregnancies of females having one or two pups last longer. The focus of investigation was reproductive data from 66 Yorkshire terrier females registered in the Lublin Branch of the Polish Kennel Club, an FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale) member, which whelped 124 litters comprising in total 508 pups from 37 fathers. The data were collected between August 2009 and December 2014. The significance of differences was verified using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H-tests. The relationships between the recorded dogs’ reproduction traits were estimated by calculation of Spearman’s correlation coefficients with the use of the statistical programmes Statistica and SPSS 20. The investigations have confirmed the hypothesis concerning the larger litter size produced by larger females and the lower incidence of postpartum dystocia; however, the hypothesis of the impact of body weight on the length of pregnancy was rejected. The differences between the body weights of stud females and males reached 125%. The Yorkshire terrier appears to be a good reproductive breed with normal reproductive functions and good reproductive parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reproductive parameters in Yorkshire terrier dogs in Poland

Goleman¹,

Karpiński²,

Czyżowski³

et al. 2018

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Studies of Reproductive Changes during Pregnancy in the Bitch

Labib

Azab

Mansour

et al. 2019

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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In the present study, seven mongrel bitches were used, their age ranged from 15 months to 3 years. Vaginal cytology was carried out during pregnancy period of these bitches by taking vaginal smears weekly to investigate vaginal cytological changes. Serial ultrasonography was performed daily on these bitches from the 15 th day after the last breeding until birth day to determine the time of appearance of different gestational structures. The first observation of the extra-fetal and fetal structures was as follows: The yolk sac membrane was first detected as an echogenic U-shaped fetal membrane in a range of 24-25 days. A third echogenic fetal membrane, allantoic membrane, was first detected on Day 27. On Day 23, in the uterine wall surrounding the gestational sac, an apparently hyperechoic inner layer was differentiated to the zonary placenta which appeared as two thick bands one on either side of the fetus on Day 29. The embryo appearance was on Day 20.5. The early time of the position of the embryo either opposed to the uterine wall or dependent on chorionic cavity was nearly on Day 22 and on Day 24, respectively. The heartbeat, which is one of fetal vital signs, was detected as a bright echogenic flickering motion on Day 21. On Day 26 in mongrel bitches, the features of the embryo changed from an oblong to bipolar shape and form two loops of number 8, size and density the same. An anechoic area in the head of the embryo was detected on Day 29. The limb buds were firstly detected on Day 29. Fetal movement was firstly detected on Day 33. Meanwhile, the skeleton of the fetus was first detected as hyperechoic structure on Day 33.

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A one-foetus pregnancy monitored by ultrasonography and progesterone blood levels in a German Shepherd bitch: a case report

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Reproductive parameters in Yorkshire terrier dogs in Poland

Reproductive parameters in Yorkshire terrier dogs in Poland

Studies of Reproductive Changes during Pregnancy in the Bitch

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