A nutritional strategy to promote gilthead seabream performance under low temperatures

Teodósio, Rita; Aragão, Cláudia; Colen, Rita; Carrilho, Raquel; Dias, Jorge; Engrola, Sofía

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736494

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies found that extreme temperature conditions affected fish metabolism and digestion, while low temperatures reduced fish growth and metabolic rates (Chang et al, 2006;Teodośio et al, 2021). And the digestive rate of fish is also affected at non-adaptive temperature (Yufera et al, 2019;Xing et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Application of transcriptome analysis to investigate the effects of long-term low temperature stress on liver function in the tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

et al. 2022

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The tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) is an important economic fish species in northern China. However, it is a warm-temperature species, and low winter temperatures can result in high mortality in aquaculture. Understanding the mechanisms of cold resistance in tiger puffers will thus provide critical information to help cope with winter cold. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of livers from puffer fish kept at different temperatures (18°C, 13°C, and 8°C) to identify the key pathways and genes involved in the response to low-temperature stress. We also detected serum levels of proteases, arginine, and proline to obtain further information on the response to cold adaption. Totals of 51, 942, and 195 differentially expressed genes were identified in the 18°C vs 13°C, 18°C vs 8°C, and 13°C vs 8°C groups, respectively. Pathway analysis showed that significantly enriched pathways were mainly related to digestion, metabolism, and environmental adaptation. Most genes in the pathways related to digestion and metabolism were down-regulated, while most genes in the pathways related to environmental adaptation were up-regulated. Serum levels of proteases were significantly lower in the low-temperature groups (13°C and 8°C) compared with the control group (18°C), while arginine and proline levels were significantly higher in the 8°C group compared with the other two groups. These results suggest that low temperature caused digestive and metabolic disorders, as well as adaptive changes to low temperature in tiger puffers. On this premise, we found that some up-regulated genes in the pancreatic secretion pathway, arginine and proline metabolism pathway, and circadian rhythm pathway played important roles in the survival, growth, and development of tiger puffers under low-temperature stress. The accumulation of arginine and proline can maintain metabolism and circulation and resist cold stress. The circadian rhythm is closely related to digestion and metabolism, which is an adaptive change and plays a positive role in the resistance to low temperature. The results of this study provide new insights and a theoretical basis for the study of cold tolerance in tiger puffers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Application of transcriptome analysis to investigate the effects of long-term low temperature stress on liver function in the tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

et al. 2022

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“…Diets total amino acid profile was determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), after acid hydrolysis. All analyses were performed as described by Teodósio et al [41].…”

Section: Metabolic Budget Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Metabolism in Gilthead Seabream Is Affected by the Dietary Protein to Energy Ratios

Teodósio

Aragão

Conceição

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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The dietary protein to energy ratio (P/E) has proven to influence protein utilization and/or growth in several fish species. This study intended to unravel the bioavailability and metabolic fate of lysine and methionine in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed plant diets with different P/E ratios. Seabream juveniles were fed two isonitrogenous diets (45% crude protein) differing in crude lipids (20 and 14%): LowP/E ( P / E ratio = 20.0 mg protein k J − 1 ) and HighP/E ( P / E ratio = 21.4 mg protein k J − 1 ). After three weeks, fish ( 11.6 ± 4.3 g ) were tube-fed the respective diet labelled with 14C-protein (L-amino acid mixture), 14C-lysine, or 14C-methionine. Protein, lysine, and methionine utilization were determined based on the proportion of 14C-amino acid evacuated, retained in the free or protein-bound fraction of liver and muscle, or catabolized. This study revealed that a decrease in P/E ratio resulted in lower amino acid evacuation (p <0.05), contributing to a more efficient amino acid uptake. Results indicate that amino acids are retained as protein in the liver and not only temporarily available in the free pool. The amount of free amino acids retained in the muscle of LowP/E fed fish was significantly higher than in HighP/E fish ( p < 0.05 ) due to a simultaneous higher retention of lysine and methionine, without affecting the overall protein retention. Methionine catabolism was significantly lower than lysine or protein independently of the P/E ratio ( p < 0.05 ), reinforcing that this amino acid is preferentially spared for metabolic functions and not used as energy source. In contrast, increasing the dietary P/E ratio decreased lysine catabolism and increased its availability for growth. The bioavailability and metabolism of individual amino acids should be considered when optimizing P/E ratios in diets for gilthead seabream juveniles. Formulating diets with optimum P/E ratios will improve diet utilization and fish performance.

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“…Tryptophan content was not determined since it is partially destroyed by acid hydrolysis. All analyses were performed as described by Teodósio et al [24].…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Fate Is Defined by Amino Acid Nature in Gilthead Seabream Fed Different Diet Formulations

Teodósio

Aragão

Conceição

et al. 2022

Animals

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The sustainability of the Aquaculture industry relies on optimising diets to promote nitrogen retention and maximise fish growth. The aim of this study was to assess how different dietary formulations influence the bioavailability and metabolic fate of distinct amino acids in gilthead seabream juveniles. Amino acids (lysine, tryptophan, and methionine) were selected based on their ketogenic and/or glucogenic nature. Seabream were fed practical diets with different protein (44 and 40%) and lipid contents (21 and 18%): 44P21L, 44P18L, 40P21L, and 40P18L. After three weeks of feeding, the fish were tube-fed the correspondent diet labelled with 14C-lysine, 14C-tryptophan, or 14C-methionine. The amino acid utilisation was determined based on the evacuation, retention in gut, liver, and muscle, and the catabolism of the tracer. The metabolic fate of amino acids was mainly determined by their nature. Tryptophan was significantly more evacuated than lysine or methionine, indicating a lower availability for metabolic purposes. Methionine was more retained in muscle, indicating its higher availability. Lysine was mainly catabolised, suggesting that catabolism is preferentially ketogenic, even when this amino acid is deficient in diets. This study underpins the importance of optimising diets considering the amino acids’ bioavailability and metabolic fate to maximise protein retention in fish.

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A nutritional strategy to promote gilthead seabream performance under low temperatures

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Application of transcriptome analysis to investigate the effects of long-term low temperature stress on liver function in the tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

Application of transcriptome analysis to investigate the effects of long-term low temperature stress on liver function in the tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)

Amino Acid Metabolism in Gilthead Seabream Is Affected by the Dietary Protein to Energy Ratios

Metabolic Fate Is Defined by Amino Acid Nature in Gilthead Seabream Fed Different Diet Formulations

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