A nutrient-transfer model to explain the fate of phosphorus and sulphur in a Grazed Hill-Country pasture

Saggar, Surinder; Mackay, A. D.; Hedley, M. J.; Lambert, M. G.; Clark, D.A.

doi:10.1016/0167-8809(90)90112-q

Cited by 78 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…4 0.35 )animal intake (Takahashi et al 2007). Dung input on low slopes is higher than on medium and steep slopes (Saggar et al 1990). 5 Standard sheep consumes 550 kg DM/yr and has a liveweight of 55 kg with associated treading pressure of 65 kPa (Greenwood & McKenzie 2001 …”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of phosphorus inputs and sheep treading on soil macrofauna and mesofauna in hill pastures

Schon

Mackay

Gray

et al. 2011

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Earthworm abundance increased and Oribatida abundance decreased on a Brown soil with increasing inputs of phosphorus (P) fertiliser and sheep stocking rates. To determine if the same response to increasing management intensity is found in Allophanic soil, samples were collected from a long-term sheep-grazed trial with two contrasting management regimes, low and high intensity. As pastures on the Allophanic soil became more productive and were grazed with more sheep, there was a tendency for earthworm abundance to increase and oribatid abundance to decrease. Both these trends were consistent with those on the Brown soil, supporting the potential of earthworms and Oribatida as biological indicators. Oribatid mites, which produce nutrient rich faecal pellets, were positively correlated with porosity. The higher earthworm abundances in more intensive sheep grazed pastures may have a positive influence on ecosystem services such as air and water movement, and organic matter incorporation.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of phosphorus inputs and sheep treading on soil macrofauna and mesofauna in hill pastures

Schon

Mackay

Gray

et al. 2011

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…These results agree with early studies in the hill country reported by Lambert et al (1983Lambert et al ( , 1996. Grazing animals have been implicated in increasing soil and pasture heterogeneity through selective grazing across slope class (López et al 2003a) and the transfer of fertility from the HS and MS to the LS (Saggar et al 1990). …”

Section: Environmental Heterogeneity and Herbage Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil features (Saggar et al 1990) and pasture characteristics (Lambert et al 1983(Lambert et al , 1986a have been shown to differ amongst these slope classes. Differences in volumetric soil moisture, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density (BD), soil rebound after compression (SR), soil total nitrogen content, and soil phosphorus content (Olsen P) could be explained by slope classes (López et al 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant functional groups in a heterogeneous environment

López

Valentine

Lambert

et al. 2006

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Species membership of plant functional groups and the relationship to soil variables were studied in two paddocks with long-term differentiated management in New Zealand hill country. The microrelief of the paddocks contained three slope classes (low, medium, and high) with contrasting soil variables. Soil variables (unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, volumetric soil moisture, total soil porosity, field volumetric soil moisture, soil compression, soil rebound, and air permeability), botanical composition and herbage mass accumulation were determined. Analysis of variance, cluster analysis, simple correlation analysis and canonical variate analysis were performed on the data. Seven functional plant groups were determined.

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“…Also, only 20 years of extensive cattle grazing in the province of Buenos Aires, without applying fertilizer, resulted in a measurable reduction in extractable P, and in 50 years it fell by 67% from 45 ppm to 15 ppm [35]. The amount of P removed in sheep or cattle products accounted for 15-20% of the P taken up by the animals which was compensated for by application of 10-50kg P/ha/yr fertilizer to range land [35,36]. Bishopp proposed in 1946 [37] the need for careful monitoring of pastoral lands in Ireland as they experienced a annual loss of 25,000 tons of tricalcium phosphate due to range cattle exports, because imports of phosphate fertilizer had been reduced through the war by 75%.…”

Section: How Does the Export Rate Of 032 Kg/ha/yr Of P Estimated Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole-tree harvest in other forests removed 20-50kg/ha or half, if only logs were removed [39], and Heilman and Norby [40] reported on forest harvesting which required a fertilizer input of 15-30 kg/ha/yr of P to compensate exports. cattle, Alps, currently 0.22 [58] cattle, Alps, traditionally 0.30 [58] cattle, Argentina 0.30 [33,34] sheep, cattle 15-20% of P uptake 10-50 [35,36] cattle, no fertilizer extractable P fell 67% in 50 years, from 45 to 15 ppm [35] tree log harvest 0.08 -1.02 [38] 10 -25 per harvest 15 -30 [39,40] whole-tree harvest 0.24 -1.75 [38] 20 -50 per harvest 15 -30 [39,40] …”

Section: How Does the Export Rate Of 032 Kg/ha/yr Of P Estimated Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic Translocation of Phosphorus: The Role of Deer in Protected Areas

Flueck

2009

Sustainability

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Biogeochemical cycles are cornerstones of biological evolution. Mature terrestrial ecosystems efficiently trap nutrients and certain ones are largely recycled internally. Preserving natural fluxes of nutrients is an important mission of protected areas, but artificially leaky systems remain common. Native red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Swiss National Park (SNP) are known to reduce phosphorus (P) in preferred feeding sites by removing more P than is returned with feces. At larger scales it becomes apparent that losses are occurring due to seasonal deer movements out of the SNP where most deer end up perishing. Thus, the SNP contributes to producing deer which translocate P to sink areas outside the SNP due to several artificial factors. An adult female dying outside of SNP exports about 1.8 kg of P, whereas a male dying outside of SNP at 8 years of age exports 7.2 kg of P due also to annual shedding of antlers. Averaged over the vegetated part of the SNP, the about 2,000 deer export 0.32 kg/ha/yr of P. Other ungulate species using the SNP and dying principally outside of its borders would result in additional exports of P. Leakiness in this case is induced by: a) absence of the predator community and thus a lack of summer mortalities and absence of several relevant non-lethal predator effects, b) hunting-accelerated population turnover rate, and c) deaths outside of SNP principally from hunting. The estimated export rate for P compares to rates measured in extensive production systems which receive 10-50 kg/ha/yr of P as fertilizer to compensate the losses from biomass exports. Assumptions were made regarding red deer body weight or population turnover rate, yet substituting my estimates with actual values from the SNP would only affect somewhat the magnitude of the effect, but not its direction. The rate of P loss is a proxy for losses of other elements, the most critical ones being those not essential OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2009, 1 105 to autotrophs, but essential to heterotrophs. High deer turnover rates combined with accelerated biomass export warrants detailed mass balances of macro and micro nutrients, and studies of biogeochemical cycles in protected areas are essential if preserving natural processes is a mandate.

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A nutrient-transfer model to explain the fate of phosphorus and sulphur in a Grazed Hill-Country pasture

Cited by 78 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of phosphorus inputs and sheep treading on soil macrofauna and mesofauna in hill pastures

Influence of phosphorus inputs and sheep treading on soil macrofauna and mesofauna in hill pastures

Plant functional groups in a heterogeneous environment

Biotic Translocation of Phosphorus: The Role of Deer in Protected Areas

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