A numerical–thermal–thermographic NDT evaluation of an ancient marquetry integrated with X-ray and XRF surveys

Shrestha, Ranjit; Сфарра, Стефано; Ridolfi, Stefano; Gargiulo, Giuliano; Kim, Wontae

doi:10.1007/s10973-021-10571-2

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The research object of this study is the Sivas Industry School Ironworking Atelier located at the Sivas provincial centre in Turkey (Figs. 1,2,3). This is a cultural heritage building registered by the Regional Council for the Conservation of Cultural Property on 22.07.1983 with registration decision A-4468 [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the NDT techniques are X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, terahertz (THz) technology, infrared thermography, flash thermography sound absorption, sonic/ ultrasonic, electromagnetic and electrical techniques, Schmidt Hammer Rebound (SHR) test. Owing to the development of NDT methods, there is no need to collect samples at sites [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Considering the reasons described above, it could be determined that this decision was correct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Condition and characterization analysis of a twentieth century cultural heritage through non-destructive testing (NDT) methods: the case of the Sivas industry school ironworking atelier in Turkey

Pehlivan

2023

Herit Sci

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Before the conservation and restoration of many types of cultural heritage, it is necessary to perform careful examination. This study aimed to determine the original building state and deterioration by applying non-destructive testing (NDT) methods in the case of a heritage building. Another goal was to determine, via NDT methods, whether the limestones observed in this study of different forms, colours, and textures were truly different. The Sivas Industry School Ironworking Atelier, which constitutes the research object, is one of the important public buildings in the city of Sivas, Turkey. Within the scope of the study, non-destructive infrared thermography (IRT), Schmidt hammer rebound (SHR) tests, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy were applied. Accordingly, through IRT, deteriorations, anomalies, and material differences were investigated, and via SHR testing, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) estimates, strength levels and hardness classes of stones were obtained. Moreover, via XRF spectroscopy, characterization analysis of stones was conducted. The data obtained could provide information to establish a basis for subsequent conservation. The innovation of this study is that although the infrared thermography technique is typically used in the investigation of materials, it was revealed that another technique such as XRF analysis is needed to better determine whether stones that seem different based on IRT are actually different. With IRT technique, anomaly and material detorioration can be determined. In addition to these two techniques, SHR tests that are non-destructive methods are needed to think about mechanical features of the material. Therefore, when determining the conditions and for characterization analysis of a cultural heritage before restoration, different techniques should be jointly used to complement each other.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition and characterization analysis of a twentieth century cultural heritage through non-destructive testing (NDT) methods: the case of the Sivas industry school ironworking atelier in Turkey

Pehlivan

2023

Herit Sci

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“…If left uncleaned, it may lead to masking of defects and produce false results. e presence of dust/dirt/foreign substances may alter the thermal characteristics of the material and thereby result in erroneous NDT measurements [3]. e next step is application of penetrant, which is a bright coloured dye having high wetting capacity.…”

Section: Proposed Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Flaw Detection of Plug Valve Material Using Infrared Thermography and Weighted Local Variation Pixel-Based Fuzzy Clustering Technique

Jacintha

Karthikeyan

Sivaprakasam

2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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This study focuses on the identification and categorization of plug valve defects. We utilize a thermal fluke camera to obtain the plug valve thermal images. The thermal camera utilizes passive infrared thermography towards the identification of plug valve defects such as cracks, porosity, and internal defects. These flaws depict variation in surface temperature induced by heat flux. Infrared thermography is capable of identification of surface flaws such as cracks and subsurface flaws such as porosity. Its flaw identification range is effective only up to a certain depth in the metal. The heat flux variations are clearly visible for surface cracks and subsurface porosity. However, the heat flux shows no fluctuations for internal defects. Hence, to identify the internal defects in the metal, we opt for a combination of passive infrared thermography and dye penetrating test. In the dye penetrating test, a thinned paint is applied over the metal surface that aids in the identification of cracks, porosity, and internal defects as well. The PIT-DPT (passive infrared thermography-dye penetrating test) works in combination with weighted local variation pixel-based fuzzy clustering (WLVPBFC) to measure the depth of the defects. The defects were measured against parametric quantities such as F-value, precision, recall, accuracy, Jaccard index, TP, FP, TN, FN, FP rate, TP rate, and MCC. These parameters depict variations with regard to surface texture and extent of defect level. The PIT-DPT and WLVPBFC techniques identify metal flaws with 87.88% efficiency when evaluated against other existing algorithms.

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“…Experts working on the conservation of cultural heritage have supported the use of non-destructive testing methods (NDT) in recent years [3], [4] because application of these techniques, structural stability and functionality are maintained without any intervention such as digging and drilling that disrupt the physical integrity [5], [6]. These techniques are used in order to identify archaeological assets buried under a heritage building [7]; determine the homogeneity, quality, or amount of deterioration of a building material [1], [8]; determine the morphology and cavities, moisture distributions, size of cracks; evaluate the injection made in the restoration of building elements [3]; observe the degree of damage to a building element damaged in an earthquake [5]; do origin analysis of archaeological artifacts [9], [10]; determine whether the gilding on the work is produced from real gold or another gold imitation material [11], [12], detect subsurface defects [13]; and investigate the compatibility of the original building material with the modern building material [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cultural Heritage by Non-Destructive Methods: The Case of Sivas Congress Museum

Pehlivan

2023

Architecture and Urban Planning

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Analysis of cultural heritage by non-destructive testing methods allows conducting an examination of the building while preserving its authenticity and integrity, as well as its historical and artistic values. As the material of this study, the Sivas Congress Museum, which witnessed a very important event in the history of the country, was discussed. The aim of the study is to determine the stone type, deterioration, hardness, and strength of the building and thus generate an idea about the quality of architectural practices in the 19th century. In addition, it aims to create a scientific basis for conservation measures and restoration works to be carried out in the following years and to determine whether there is any difference between the stone material used in the main building and the stone of the building annexed later on. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the poor economic conditions of the country have affected the quality of the building material, the stones – soft and low-strength limestone – have been exposed to atmospheric pollution and deteriorated. In addition, although one of the stones that had undergone black crusting was cleaned, it was found that mechanical cleaning was insufficient to eliminate the pollution.

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A numerical–thermal–thermographic NDT evaluation of an ancient marquetry integrated with X-ray and XRF surveys

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Condition and characterization analysis of a twentieth century cultural heritage through non-destructive testing (NDT) methods: the case of the Sivas industry school ironworking atelier in Turkey

Condition and characterization analysis of a twentieth century cultural heritage through non-destructive testing (NDT) methods: the case of the Sivas industry school ironworking atelier in Turkey

Surface Flaw Detection of Plug Valve Material Using Infrared Thermography and Weighted Local Variation Pixel-Based Fuzzy Clustering Technique

Analysis of Cultural Heritage by Non-Destructive Methods: The Case of Sivas Congress Museum

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