A Numerical Study on the Impact of Hygroscopic Seeding on the Development of Cloud Particle Spectra

Caro, D.; Wobrock, W.; Flossmann, Andrèa I.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0333:ansoti>2.0.co;2

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To precisely estimate the activation of CCN, an Eulerian spatial framework with a very small grid size or a Lagrangian particle framework as a parcel model is needed (Kuba and Fujiyoshi, 2006). Cooper et al (1997) and Caro et al (2002) investigated the effect of flare hygroscopic seeding using a parcel model with a precise microphysical model. Their calculations suggested that rain formation via the collision-coalescence process can be accelerated significantly by adding hygroscopic particles.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Effect of hygroscopic seeding on warm rain clouds – numerical study using a hybrid cloud microphysical model

Kuba

Murakami²

2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The effect of hygroscopic seeding on warm rain clouds was examined using a hybrid cloud microphysical model combining a Lagrangian Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) activation model, a semi-Lagrangian droplet growth model, and an Eulerian spatial model for advection and sedimentation of droplets. This hybrid cloud microphysical model accurately estimated the effects of CCN on cloud microstructure and suggested the following conclusions for a moderate continental air mass (an air mass with a large number of background CCN). (1) Seeding can hasten the onset of surface rainfall and increase the accumulated amount of surface rainfall if the amount and radius of seeding particles are appropriate. (2) The optimal radius of monodisperse particles to increase rainfall becomes larger with the increase in the total mass of seeding particles. (3) Seeding with salt micro-powder can hasten the onset of surface rainfall and increase the accumulated amount of surface rainfall if the amount of seeding particles is sufficient. (4) Seeding by a hygroscopic flare decreases rainfall in the case of large updraft velocity (shallow convective cloud) and increases rainfall slightly in the case of small updraft velocity (stratiform cloud). (5) Seeding with hygroscopic flares including ultragiant particles (r>5 µm) hastens the onset of surface rainfall but may not significantly increase the accumulated surface rainfall amount. (6) Hygroscopic seeding increases surface rainfall by two kinds of effects: the "competition effect" by Correspondence to: N. Kuba (kuba@jamstec.go.jp) which large soluble particles prevent the activation of smaller particles and the "raindrop embryo effect" in which giant soluble particles can immediately become raindrop embryos. In some cases, one of the effects works, and in other cases, both effects work, depending on the updraft velocity and the amount and size of seeding particles.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Our results from hygroscopic flare seeding (4 and 5) do not contradict the results of Cooper et al (1997) and Caro et al (2002). Their results showed that the addition of hygroscopic particles can significantly accelerate rain formation through the warm-rain process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of hygroscopic seeding on warm rain clouds – numerical study using a hybrid cloud microphysical model

Kuba

Murakami²

2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…e optimized NaCl particles obtained by centrifugation have a size ranging from 1 to 6 μm with an average size of 2.3 ± 0.9 μm in length (Figure 2(c)), whereas the ones obtained by filtration have a significantly reduced size ranging from 0.5 and 1.3 μm, with an average size of 0.8 ± 0.2 μm in length (Figure 2(d)). e resultant particle size distribution of the optimized NaCl then appeared to fall within the aforementioned optimum size range for hygroscopic cloud seeding agents as described in the literature [19][20][21][22]. Hence, these optimized NaCl particles were used for the coating process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…For cloud seeding applications, the hygroscopic materials need to meet the particle size requirement criterion. According to earlier studies [19][20][21][22] based on numerical correlations, modelling, and simulations, the optimum size of seeding materials is in the range of 0.5 to 10 μm in diameter. is particle size range ensures an efficient collisioncoalescence process of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Capacities of Hygroscopic Materials Based on NaCl-TiO₂ and NaCl-SiO₂ Core/Shell Particles

Bermeo

Hadri

Ravaux

et al. 2020

Journal of Nanotechnology

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Hygroscopic materials which possess high moisture adsorption capacity were successfully upgraded by the functionalization of sodium chloride (NaCl) using two nuances of oxides. A procedure was developed to first prepare submicron-sized NaCl crystals; thereafter, these crystals were coated by choice of either titanium dioxide (TiO2) or silica (SiO2) to enhance the hygroscopic properties of NaCl and prevent its premature deliquescence. After coating, several analytical techniques were employed to evaluate the obtained composite materials. Our findings revealed that both composites NaCl-TiO2 and NaCl-SiO2 gave excellent performances by exhibiting interesting hydrophilic properties, compared to the sole NaCl. This was demonstrated by both environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and water vapor adsorption experiments. In particular, NaCl-TiO2 composite showed the highest water adsorption capacity at low relative humidity and at a faster adsorption rate, induced by the high surface energy owing to the presence of TiO2. This result was also confirmed by the kinetics of adsorption, which revealed that not only does NaCl-TiO2 adsorb more water vapor than NaCl-SiO2 or sole NaCl but also the adsorption occurred at a much higher rate. While at room temperature and high relative humidity, the NaCl-SiO2 composite showed the best adsorption properties making it ideal to be used as a hygroscopic material, showing maximum adsorption performance compared to NaCl-TiO2 or sole NaCl. Therefore, NaCl-TiO2 and NaCl-SiO2 composites could be considered as promising hygroscopic materials and potential candidates to replace the existing salt seeding agents.

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“…The data collected from the payload sensors, and seeding apparatus, during an entire flight would be collected and downloaded for use by others to improve and validate model parameterizations especially when applied to simulating seeding agent dispersion Large datasets collected during airborne cloud seeding experiments already exist [e.g. 17, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] and provide valuable sources of data to develop and constrain the algorithms that guide the UAS. These data can be mined, analyzed and features extracted to locate representative time-series of key sensors from research aircraft flying at or below cloud base (e.g.…”

Section: Goal and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing the Framework for Integrating Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems into Cloud Seeding Activities

Tp¹,

Axisa²

2016

J Aeronaut Aerospace Eng

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This paper introduces an engineering approach to develop autonomous unmanned aircraft systems technology for integration in future weather modification (cloud seeding) programs with the goal to improve operational efficiency and evaluation accuracy. It builds upon the process already established in a previous paper by Axisa and DeFelice who constructed a framework underlying the development of new technologies for use in cloud seeding activities, identifying their potential benefits and limitations and providing initial guidance.

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A Numerical Study on the Impact of Hygroscopic Seeding on the Development of Cloud Particle Spectra

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of hygroscopic seeding on warm rain clouds – numerical study using a hybrid cloud microphysical model

Effect of hygroscopic seeding on warm rain clouds – numerical study using a hybrid cloud microphysical model

Adsorption Capacities of Hygroscopic Materials Based on NaCl-TiO₂ and NaCl-SiO₂ Core/Shell Particles

Developing the Framework for Integrating Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems into Cloud Seeding Activities

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A Numerical Study on the Impact of Hygroscopic Seeding on the Development of Cloud Particle Spectra

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of hygroscopic seeding on warm rain clouds – numerical study using a hybrid cloud microphysical model

Effect of hygroscopic seeding on warm rain clouds – numerical study using a hybrid cloud microphysical model

Adsorption Capacities of Hygroscopic Materials Based on NaCl-TiO2 and NaCl-SiO2 Core/Shell Particles

Developing the Framework for Integrating Autonomous Unmanned Aircraft Systems into Cloud Seeding Activities

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Product

Resources

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Adsorption Capacities of Hygroscopic Materials Based on NaCl-TiO₂ and NaCl-SiO₂ Core/Shell Particles