A Numerical Study on the Effect of Water Addition on NO Formation in Counterflow CH4/Air Premixed Flames

Guo, Hongsheng; Neill, Stuart; Smallwood, Gregory J.

doi:10.1115/icef2005-1299

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Steam dilution is however less commonly investigated because of significant experimental difficulties to accurately control the quantity of steam injected in the reactive mixtures. Steam addition has soon been identified as a successful way to lower pollutant emissions -especially NO x emissions -in gas turbines operating both in premixed and non-premixed modes [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. This is particularly attractive when considering the continuous developments in Humid Air Turbine (HAT) cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Laminar Flame Speed of CH4/O2 Mixtures Diluted With CO2 and H2O

Mazas

Lacoste

Schuller

2010

Volume 2: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions, Parts a and B

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The effects of CO2 and H2O addition on premixed oxy-fuel combustion are investigated with experiments and numerical simulations on the laminar flame speed of CH4/O2/CO2/H2O(v) and CH4/O2/N2/H2O(v) mixtures, at atmospheric pressure and for a reactants inlet temperature Tu = 373 K. Experiments are conducted with steady laminar conical premixed flames over a range of operating conditions representative of oxy-fuel combustion with flue gas recirculation. The relative O2-to-CO2 and O2-to-N2 ratios, respectively defined as O2/(O2+CO2) (mol.) and O2/(O2+N2) (mol.), are varied from 0.21 to 1.0. The equivalence ratio of the mixtures ranges from 0.5 to 1.5, and the steam molar fraction in the reactive mixture is varied from 0 to 0.45. Laminar flame speeds are measured with the flame area method using a Schlieren apparatus. Experiments are completed by simulations with the PREMIX code using the detailed kinetic mechanism GRI-mech. 3.0. Numerical predictions are found in good agreement with experimental data for all cases explored. It is also shown that the laminar flame speed of CH4/O2/N2 mixtures diluted with steam H2O(v) features a quasi-linear decrease when increasing the diluent molar fraction, even at high dilution rates. Effects of N2 replacement by CO2 in wet reactive mixtures are then investigated. A similar quasi-linear decrease of the flame speed is observed for CH4/O2/CO2 H2O-diluted flames. For a similar flame speed in dry conditions, results show a larger reduction of the burning velocity for CH4/O2/N2/H2O mixtures than for CH4/O2/CO2/H2O mixtures, when the steam molar fraction is increased. Finally, it is observed that the laminar flame speed of weakly (CO2, H2O)-diluted CH4/O2 mixtures is underestimated by the GRI-mech 3.0 predictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Laminar Flame Speed of CH4/O2 Mixtures Diluted With CO2 and H2O

Mazas

Lacoste

Schuller

2010

Volume 2: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions, Parts a and B

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“…The influence on the reaction kinetics leads to a change in the radical pool, this has an effect on the chemical 𝑁𝑂 formation. An extension has been shown by Goeke et al (Goeke et al, 2013) in an experimental study. With a swirl-stabilized premixed burner, the flame is analyzed at steam-to-air-ratio up to 25 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…If the Zeldovich mechanism is considered in a wet combustion, it follows with 𝐻 𝑂, the static temperature is reduced by the higher specific isobaric heat capacity. Therefore, the 𝑁𝑂 production is inhibited (Goeke, 2012).…”

Section: 𝑁 + 𝑂 ↔ 𝑁𝑂 + 𝑂mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an important indicator for 𝑁𝑂 formation in a rich combustion due to the higher CH fractions. In this study, a lean combustion is considered, so the GRI 240 equation is of little importance (Guo et al, 2008).…”

Section: Prompt No (Fenimore Mechanism)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it is emphasized that a dominant effect is the temperature reduction. A study that investigated the thermal and chemical effect of water addition on counterflow flames is from Guo et al (Guo et al, 2008). They analyzed the thermal and chemical effect on 𝑁𝑂 formation on a counterflow premixed flame with lean, rich and stoichiometric equivalence ratios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of High Steam Loads on the Combustion of an Academic Premixed Swirl Stabilized Combustor

Hiestermann¹,

Konle²,

Guillebon³

2022

Proceedings of Global Power &Amp; Propulsion Society

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In the past, many concepts for low-pollutant combustion have been developed for stationary and aero-gas turbines. A concept that uses the benefits of steam injection in the combustor of an aero-gas turbine is the "Water-Enhanced Turbofan (WET)" under development by MTU Aero Engines AG. In this study, the effect of high steam injection on the flow field, combustion, temperature and emission of pollutants of an academic premixed swirl stabilized combustor was investigated by numerical simulations. The purpose of this work is to study and separate the chemical and thermal effect. Therefore a detailed chemical mechanism for the gas 𝐶𝐻􀬸/Air was used. An artificial species 𝑥𝐻􀬶𝑂 has been implemented which has identical thermodynamic properties as the species 𝐻􀬶𝑂. 𝑥𝐻􀬶𝑂 is only decoupled from the chemical reaction equations, with the aim that the thermal effect can be considered separately. The results show that the main effect of the added steam is the reduction of the maximum temperature. Furthermore, the addition of steam rapidly reduces 𝑁𝑂􀯫 formation due to the large dependence on the temperature. It follows that the thermal effect is dominant and the chemical effect has only a small influence on the formation of 𝑁𝑂􀯫 .

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A Numerical Study on the Effect of Water Addition on NO Formation in Counterflow CH4/Air Premixed Flames

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Laminar Flame Speed of CH4/O2 Mixtures Diluted With CO2 and H2O

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Laminar Flame Speed of CH4/O2 Mixtures Diluted With CO2 and H2O

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of High Steam Loads on the Combustion of an Academic Premixed Swirl Stabilized Combustor

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