A numerical study of the effect of urban geometry upon the surface energy budget

Sakakibara, Yasushi

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)00150-2

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Special treatment of the three-dimensional surface geometry is required instead. Urban radiation schemes typically include complicated sunlit and shade distributions with two-dimensional geometry (Arnfield 1982;Sakakibara 1996;Masson 2000;Kusaka et al 2001;Martilli et al 2002;Sailor and Fan 2002) or threedimensional geometry Kanda et al 2005b;Kondo et al 2005). Parameterization of local transfer coefficients for momentum and scalars between surfaces (e.g., roof, street, walls) and a reference height requires more than a one-dimensional approximation.…”

Section: Recent Technique a Simulation Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Surface albedo for infinite twodimensional street canyons (Arnfield 1982;Sievers and Zdunkowski 1985;Sakakibara 1996;Masson 2000;Kusaka et al 2001;Martilli Table 1 Reviews on urban meteorology published after 2000 Reference Topic Roth (2000) atmospheric turbulence over cities Jauregui (2000) tropical urban climatology Fernando et al (2001) air circulation and dispersion in cities Arnfield (2003) comprehensive review of urban climate, 1980climate, -2003climate, Shepherd (2005 urban-induced rainfall, Hagishima et al (2005 transfer coefficients of urban surfaces Oke (2006) scientific communication in urban climates Grimmond (2006) measuring and observing the urban atmosphere Masson (2006) urban surface modeling Kanda (2006b) physical scale modeling of the urban climate Mills (2006) sustainable settlements Best (2006a) weather forecasts for city dwellers Li et al (2006) CFD of flow and dispersion in street canyons Fig. 1.…”

Section: Urban Surfaces As the Bottommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Urban Meteorology :A Review

Kanda

2007

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

101

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This paper reviews the progress made in urban meteorology over the past few decades. The focus is on the impact of urban surfaces on the overlying atmosphere along the conventional meteorological frameworks. Section 1 details the difficulties in generalizing urban surfaces in a meteorological sense because of surface diversity, and considers whether conventional similarity law is applicable. Section 2 describes the characteristics of urban surfaces as the bottom boundary of the atmosphere and includes a discussion of land surface parameters and the resultant surface energy partitioning. Section 3 explains characteristics of the urban atmosphere, including temperature fields, local circulations and rainfall. Section 4 describes recent progress in numerical modeling and promising new technologies, thus revealing a possible future direction for urban meteorological studies.

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Section: Recent Technique a Simulation Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urban Surfaces As the Bottommentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Urban Meteorology :A Review

Kanda

2007

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

101

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“…However, in spite of vastly increased computing power, subsequent computer models have found it more useful to simulate what is considered by many to be the basic unit of the built environment -the so-called urban canyon. This allowed the basic processes to be studied separately, including short-wave radiation (Verseghy and Munro, 1989); long wave radiation (Arnfield, 1982); the surface energy balance (Arnfield et al, 1988;Arnfield, 1990Arnfield, , 2000Sakakibara, 1996); and canyon air flow (Yamartino and Wiegand, 1986;Hunter et al, 1990Hunter et al, , 1991Macdonald, 2000). The evolution of air temperature in an urban canyon was modelled in a series of papers based on the concept of the cluster thermal time constant (CTTC), which expresses the thermal inertia of the urban physical structure (Swaid and Hoffman, 1990a;1990b;1990c;Swaid, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating air temperature in an urban street canyon in all weather conditions using measured data at a reference meteorological station

Erell

Williamson

2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

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A model is proposed that adapts data from a standard meteorological station to provide realistic site-specific air temperature in a city street exposed to the same meso-scale environment. In addition to a rudimentary description of the two sites, the canyon air temperature (CAT) model requires only inputs measured at standard weather stations; yet it is capable of accurately predicting the evolution of air temperature in all weather conditions for extended periods. It simulates the effect of urban geometry on radiant exchange; the effect of moisture availability on latent heat flux; energy stored in the ground and in building surfaces; air flow in the street based on wind above roof height; and the sensible heat flux from individual surfaces and from the street canyon as a whole. The CAT model has been tested on field data measured in a monitoring program carried out in Adelaide, Australia, in 2000Australia, in -2001. After calibrating the model, predicted air temperature correlated well with measured data in all weather conditions over extended periods. The experimental validation provides additional evidence in support of a number of parameterisation schemes incorporated in the model to account for sensible heat and storage flux.

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“…Numerous experiments have established that there is a significant relationship between urban geometry and canyon surface temperatures [62,67], while the correlation between urban geometry and air temperatures is relatively weak [60]. This can be explained by the fact that air temperature distribution is not only affected by urban geometry but also by the combined effect of surface characteristics and air mixing rate, etc.…”

Section: Street Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a literature review on urban design indicators addressing the impact of urban geometry and vegetation on the outdoor thermal environment at the pedestrian level, as urban geometry and vegetation have been regarded as the most influential urban design factors that affect outdoor microclimate. The thermal balance concept is first introduced to elaborate how each component of energy fluxes is affected by the urban built environment, which helps to explore the underlying thermophysical mechanisms of how urban design modifies the outdoor thermal environment. The literature on numerous urban design descriptors addressing urban geometric characteristics is categorized into five groups in this paper according to the design features that the parameters entail, including land use intensity, building form, canyon geometry, space enclosure and descriptive characteristics. The literature on urban vegetation descriptors is reviewed together, followed by the combined effect of urban geometry and vegetation. This paper identifies a series of important urban design parameters and shows that the impact of design parameters on thermal environment varies with time, season, local climate and urban contexts. Contradictory impacts often occur between daytime and nighttime, or different seasons, which requests trade-offs to be achieved when proposing design strategies.

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A numerical study of the effect of urban geometry upon the surface energy budget

Cited by 70 publications

References 13 publications

Progress in Urban Meteorology :A Review

Progress in Urban Meteorology :A Review

Simulating air temperature in an urban street canyon in all weather conditions using measured data at a reference meteorological station

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

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