A Numerical Study of Precipitation Development in Cumulus Clouds

Evolution of Raindrops in an Axisymmetric Cumulus Model

“…With use of (41) and (43), the governing equations of cloud water and rain water in the parameterized model are given as where P2= (dQ*/dt)auto + (dQ*/ dt)coli. In the parameterized model, evaporation of cloud water is instantaneous so long as it is present, while rain water evaporates with a finite rate (see Shiino, 1978).…”

“…Ever since the role of condensed water in the life cycle of a convective cloud was clarified by Das (1964), Takeda (1966), andSrivastava (1967), the importance of interaction of dynamical and microphysical processes in the evolution of clouds has been definitely recognized through many studies (Liu and Orville, 1969;Ogura and Takahashi, 1971;Takeda, 1971;Wilhelmson and Ogura, 1972;Murray and Koenig, 1972;Soong and Ogura, 1973;Lopetz, 1973;Shiino, 1978;etc. ) although microphysical processes are in most cases are parameterized in these models.…”

Numerical Simulation of Cloud Dynamics and Microphysics

“…In this model the cloud is assumed to have a cylindrical form with constant radius R in an environment at rest. All equations expressed in cylindrical coordinates and all cloud variables are represented with mean values averaged over the horizontal cross section of the cloud [7]. The system of equations combines the equations of vertical motion, the equation of continuity, the first law of the thermodynamics, and the equations of water vapor and liquid hydrometeors transport.…”