The purpose of the present paper is testing an in-house efficiency algorithm based on lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and using it to resolve the obtained coupled nondimensional governing equations to analyze twodimensional free convection inside a cold outer cavity subjected to a heated cylindrical diamond array. Steady state or oscillatory results are obtained using the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook collision model associated to the thermal LBM. Both the velocity and temperature fields are solved using the D2Q9 models. With different Rayleigh numbers (Ra), the tested free convection can either achieve to steady state or oscillatory. We extended our in house Fortran 90 code using curved boundary conditions and implemented them into a cavity with a diamond array. The numerical simulations were done using distinct Ra (10 6 and 10 7 ) and distances ε 0.3 0.7 ≤ ≤ between the four neighboring circular cylinders aligned in a diamond array. The effects of several physical parameters, including Ra and position of the hot body array on flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The obtained results are highlighted in the form of streamlines, isotherms, and velocities plots. We show in this paper the stability and the efficiency of the LBM to deal with a complex geometry and its ability to reach suitable convergence criteria for high Ra (10 6 and 10 7 ). The numerical results indicate that LBM can simulate numerical problems with a high Ra reaching a steady state where we can Heat Transfer-Asian Res. 2019;48:896-913. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj 896 | depict the change of the flow pattern and enhancement of the heat transfer in the presence of heated diamond array. K E Y W O R D S CFD, convection, curved boundary, diamond array, heat transfer, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)
| INTRODUCTIONNowadays, numerical studies of flow and thermal fields inside enclosed and confined space with assorted bodies in different positions on the Buoyancy-induced dynamic and thermal transfer characteristics have been the focus of numerous investigations in industry and academia owing to the diversity engineering applications such as energy engineering, heat exchangers, solar collector receivers, chemical reactors, pipes, nuclear and chemical reactors, refrigerator condensers bearing lubrication, cooling of electronic equipment, solar collector-receivers, air refrigeration, refrigerator condensers, insulation, and flooding protection for buried pipes used for district heating and cooling, cooling systems in nuclear reactors, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] These studies were motivated by the desire to understand the fundamental physics and free convection characterization inside the cavity that can be influenced and affected by the sizes and shapes of the interior bodies, their number, position, arrangement, and also the configuration of the cavity. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] So, due to its substantial significance, heat transfer with free convection in presence of heating cylin...