A Numerical Simulation of Intranasal Air Temperature During Inspiration

Lindemann, Jörg; Keck, Tilman; Wiesmiller, Kerstin; Sander, Bjoern; Brambs, Hans-Juergen; Rettinger, Gerhard; Pless, Daniela

doi:10.1097/00005537-200406000-00015

Cited by 106 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The differences in mucosal structures could be explained by differences in flow of inspired air (15) or in extent of mesodermisation during the formation of the mid-face and nasal cavities from in utero weeks 4-12. It is probable that other hypotheses will appear when the intrinsic functions of the paranasal sinuses can be better defined.…”

Section: Normal Nasal and Paranasal Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue remodelling in upper airways: where is the link with lower airway remodelling?

Watelet

Zele

Gjomarkaj

et al. 2006

Allergy

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Tissue remodelling reported in upper airways include epithelial hyperplasia, increased matrix deposition in the nasal or paranasal lining, matrix degradation and accumulation of plasma proteins. Genetic influences, foetal exposures and early life events may contribute to structural changes such as subepithelial fibrosis from an early age. Other structural alterations are related to duration of the disease and long-term uncontrolled inflammation. Structural changes may increase alteration of the protective functions of the upper airways namely by affecting mucociliary clearance and conditioning of inspired air. The sequences of tissue changes during wound repair of upper airway mucosa after surgery are illustrative of the complexicity of tissue modelling and remodelling and could be considered as an important source of information for a better understanding of the complex relationship between inflammatory reaction, of the subsequent tissue damages and fibroblast metabolism of upper airways

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Section: Normal Nasal and Paranasal Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue remodelling in upper airways: where is the link with lower airway remodelling?

Watelet

Zele

Gjomarkaj

et al. 2006

Allergy

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“…Their simulations used a constant inspiratory flow rate of 25 L/min with a constant mucosal wall temperature of 34 o C throughout and found that the inspired air (20 o C) was heated to 33.9 o C at the nasopharynx. Compared with in-vivo measurements, the numerical simulation by Lindemann et al (2004) successfully visualized the close relationship between the intranasal air temperature and airflow pattern. Similarly, Naftali et al (2005) simulated an unsteady laminar flow using a constant mass diffusivity for the transport of airflow through an idealised cavity model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The increase in computational power has allowed many numerical simulations, including the pioneering work of Keyhani, Scherer and Mozell (1995) among others. Without considering humidity and water exchange, Lindemann et al (2004) numerically simulated the temperature distribution during inspiration in an anatomically realistic nasal cavity. Their simulations used a constant inspiratory flow rate of 25 L/min with a constant mucosal wall temperature of 34 o C throughout and found that the inspired air (20 o C) was heated to 33.9 o C at the nasopharynx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From CT Scans to CFD Modelling – Fluid and Heat Transfer in a Realistic Human Nasal Cavity

Inthavong

Wen

et al. 2009

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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ABSTRACT:The air conditioning capability of the nose is dependent on the nasal mucosal temperature and the airflow dynamics caused by the airway geometry. A computational model of a human nasal cavity obtained through CT scans was produced and the process described. CFD techniques were applied to study the effects of morphological differences in the left and right nasal cavities on the airflow and heat transfer of inhaled air. A laminar steady flow of 15 L/min was applied and two inhalation conditions were investigated: normal air conditions, 25°C, 35% relative humidity and cold dry air conditions, 12°C, 13% relative humidity. It was found that the frontal regions of the nasal cavity exhibited greater secondary cross flows compared to the middle and back regions. The left cavity in the front region had a smaller cross-sectional area compared to the right which allowed greater heating as the heat source from the wall was closer to the bulk flow regions. Additionally it was found that the role of the turbinates to condition the air may not be solely reliant on the surface area contact but may in fact be influenced by the nature of the flow that the turbinates cause.

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“…In previous studies it has been demonstrated that the nasal valve area, which includes the head of inferior turbinate, is the most influential region to effect humidification and heating of inspired air [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nasal wall lateralization and pyriform turbinoplasty on nasal air conditioning

Sommer¹,

Simmen²,

Briner³

et al. 2016

Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Sur

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Background: The inferior turbinate, as part of the nasal valve area, plays a key role in directing the airflow and moisturizing and heating the inspired air. Excessive resection of the inferior turbinate leads to a significant reduction in heating and humidification of inhaled air. Different types of turbinate surgery are described in the current literature. Pyriform Turbinoplasty is a new endoscopically performed procedure which includes a submucosal reduction of the bone of the frontal process of the maxilla and the lacrimal bone yet it preserves the mucosal surface. This new surgical technique is able to improve nasal airflow without hampering nasal climatization.

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A Numerical Simulation of Intranasal Air Temperature During Inspiration

Cited by 106 publications

References 17 publications

Tissue remodelling in upper airways: where is the link with lower airway remodelling?

Tissue remodelling in upper airways: where is the link with lower airway remodelling?

From CT Scans to CFD Modelling – Fluid and Heat Transfer in a Realistic Human Nasal Cavity

Effects of nasal wall lateralization and pyriform turbinoplasty on nasal air conditioning

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