A Numerical Model Study of Nocturnal Drainage Flows with Strong Wind and Temperature Gradients

Evaluation Study of an Operational Mesoscale Forecast Model Over Three Climatologically Different Areas

“…Briefly, for the three data sets, the 1° NOGAPS data valid for the forecast periods of 0,12, and 24 h are spatially interpolated for the outside square areas of 800 x 800 km (see figures 1,2, and 3). For initializations (1) and (2), the interpolated data from NOGAPS for the period of 0 h are composited with upper-air sounding data. For initialization (1), surface data of wind vector components, temperature, and mixing ratio at the 0-h period are assimilated into the model field by a nudging method.…”

“…For wind-direction forecast, the BFM resulted in better forecast than the MM5. [1] The BFM in operational mode on the IMETS has been extensively used over the model domain of 500 x 500 km with grid spacing of 10 km. So far there has been no evaluation study of the BFM in operational mode, applying the model for an extended period and comparing model forecasted parameters with observations.…”

Analysis of regional characteristics of the atmospheric heat balance in the Tokyo metropolitan area in summer

“…As a turbulence closure model, the Mellor-Yamada model (level 2.5) is used Yamada, 1974, 1982;Yamada and Bunker, 1989). This model is regarded as a simplified Algebraic Second-moment Closure Model (ASM) as used in engineering.…”

Different Initialization Data and the Performance by the BFM

“…The HOTMAC was selected because it is numerically stable at long time steps, it is globally relocatable, it emphasizes boundary-layer physics, and it is platform independent. Currently, the model is run to 24 h; however, due to military requirements, it was necessary to add the MM5 to the IMETS platform in order to provide forecast grids out to 48 h from the initial forecast time (4,5).…”