A numerical investigation of tsunamis impacting dams

Attili, Tommaso; Heller, Valentin; Triantafyllou, Savvas P.

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2021.103942

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The sum of the the still water depth ℎ and the freeboard 𝑓 equals the dam height 𝑤 = ℎ + 𝑓 . Attili et al (2021) compared the IWM reduction approach with their numerically computed pressure forces and found reasonable agreement (approximately ±15%). This experimental research relates to the pressure forces acting on a dam induced by solitary waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Forces on a Vertical Dam due to Solitary Impulse Wave Run-Up and Overtopping

2023

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Impulse waves feature tsunami-like characteristics and are generated by very rapid mass wasting, including landslides and avalanches, into water bodies. In engineered reservoirs, these waves may run-up and overtop the dam, thereby exerting hydrostatic and -dynamic forces on its structure. For this work, solitary waves were applied as a proxy for impulse waves and the forces acting on vertical structures during wave run-up and overtopping were investigated with hydraulic laboratory experiments. The solitary waves were generated in a wave channel with a piston-type wave generator and the horizontal pressure forces at a vertical wall as well as a vertical dam-like structure were measured with multiple pressure sensors. The discrete pressure data were used to interpolate pressure distributions and the resulting horizontal forces. Empirical equations were derived, approximating the measured maximum forces and their respective centers of pressure within ±7% both for cases with and without wave overtopping. For small freeboards, already small relative wave amplitudes may exert forces similar to those induced by an earthquake as estimated with a pseudo-static approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…There are few experimental studies on impulse wave overtopping volumes and flow depths on the dam crest (Müller 1995, Kobel et al 2017, Huber et al 2017, Tessema et al 2019. Gabl et al (2015) and Attili et al (2021) investigated impulse wave overtopping numerically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forces on a Vertical Dam due to Solitary Impulse Wave Run-Up and Overtopping

2023

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“…These waves often overturn passing boats, flood villages, and inundate roads within the reservoir area during propagation, posing threats to the safety of life and property for residents along riverbanks (De Carvalho and Antunes do Carmo 2007. Furthermore, as these impulse waves propagate towards the dam area, perilous situations such as wave overtopping may arise, resulting in profound threats to the stability of the dam structure, and potentially causing devastating casualties due to the sudden impact of surge disasters (Attili et al 2021, Ersoy et al 2022. A notable example is the Vajont landslide in Italy in 1963, where the reservoir impoundment induced instability of the rock and soil mass of approximately 2.7×108 m 3 on the left bank near the dam area, generating a 150 m surge over the dam crest, destroying the downstream town of Longarone, and resulting in more than 2,000 fatalities (Cicoira et al 2022, Zhang et al 2023a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of potential impulse waves generated by the Mogu rock landslide at varying water levels in the Lianghekou Reservoir, China

Chen,

Xu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Landslides

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Reservoir impoundment and water level fluctuations often trigger landslides and their secondary disasters, such as potential impulse waves, posing a serious threat to the safety of people along the reservoir and dam areas, causing economic losses and even catastrophic consequences. This study delves into a comprehensive field investigation and monitoring of the engineering geological conditions and deformation mechanisms the Mogu rock landslide. Impoundment is identified as the primary factor inducing slope deformation, with the cumulative displacement of the sliding body showing no signs of convergence, indicating potential instability. By coupling the elasto-visco-plasticity model and the RNG turbulence model in FLOW3D, an actual surge disaster near the Lianghekou Reservoir dam area is replicated to validate the reliability of the numerical method. Building upon this, a three-dimensional model is established to calculate potential impulse waves generated by the Mogu rock landslide, and the risk to the dam is evaluated. Under varying water level conditions, the simulated heights of impulse waves do not surpass the dam elevation, demonstrating a satisfactory safety margin. Given the inherent danger of landslide-induced wave disasters, continuous attention is warranted, and preventive measures and suggestions are proposed to address these concerns. Additionally, the study explores the contributions of water level fluctuations to the primary wave height, the maximum run-up on the opposite bank and the dam, and the attenuation rate of wave height along the river channel. The results provide significant reference values for the early warning and prevention of comparable reservoir landslides and potential landslide-induced waves worldwide.

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