A numerical investigation of oxidizer mixed hybrid rocket motors

Gas phase flame structure of solid propellant sandwiches with different reaction mechanisms

“…So, it is apparent that the transport of species employed in the simulation with mechanism M2 plays a vital role in resolving the flame standoff distances. This supports the claim of [15] in a two-dimensional framework in the present work, whereas their simulations resolve the flame structure in a locally one dimensional manner.…”

“…The two reaction mechanisms M1 [4] and M2 [15,16] are tabulated in Tables 1 and 2. Basically, the reactant species in the two mechanisms are the same: the symbolic species APP, APD, F in mechanism M1 are identified in terms of real species in mechanism M2.…”

“…We investigate three different chemical mechanisms: (1) M1: 3-step global reaction mechanism using symbolic species for the three flames [4], (2) M2: 3-step global reaction mechanism using 12 species following [15,16], and (3) M3: a 72-step reaction mechanism with 39 species representing the entire gas phase flame structure [11]. A preliminary comparison of the effect of adopting a flat surface versus a curved surface on the gas phase flame structure is presented; all subsequent investigations adopt the realistic curved burning surface profiles.…”

“…Indeed, the use of actual species instead of symbolic species results in better transport of mass and heat in the gas phase. Chidambaram and Kumar [15], and Kumar [16] have recently considered one such mechanism involving 14 chemical species, obtained using equilibrium calculations, in the 4-step global reactions to represent the gas phase flames. They have adopted this mechanism for a homogenized version of an AP-based fuel-rich propellant used in a hybrid rocket motor with cross flow of oxygen.…”

Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Ammonium Perchlorate Content and Position on the Combustion Characteristics of an Ammonium Perchlorate/Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Propellant

“…As the temperature continues to increase, the lattic stable and melts at approximately 725-825 K [30], followed by an exoth from AP dissociation, sublimation, and decomposition. Roughly 30% of sublimation and evaporation, which produces NH3 and HCLO4, while the r decomposes on the surface, resulting in an exothermic condensed-phase re sulting product then undergoes a series of chain reactions to form a premi overall process of the AP condensed-phase decomposition can be expres [31]: AP → 0.3(NH3 + HClO4) + 0.7(1.5H2O + 1.25O2 + HCl + 0.5 N HTPB is supposed to release C4H6 in the gas phase, according to the f tion [32][33][34]:…”