A numerical investigation of mid-femoral injury tolerance in axial compression and bending loading

Untaroiu, Costin D.

doi:10.1080/13588260903047671

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…If for some reason, spherical platens cannot be used, special attention should be paid to the preparation of end faces as well as the resulting load/deformation curves. An alternative approach is to embed each end of the sample in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or some other kind of resin, a technique used in the testing of bone specimens [ 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the compressive modulus of elasticity of pith-filled plant stems

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe compressional modulus of elasticity is an important mechanical property for understanding stalk lodging, but this property is rarely available for thin-walled plant stems such as maize and sorghum because excised tissue samples from these plants are highly susceptible to buckling. The purpose of this study was to develop a testing protocol that provides accurate and reliable measurements of the compressive modulus of elasticity of the rind of pith-filled plant stems. The general approach was to relying upon standard methods and practices as much as possible, while developing new techniques as necessary.ResultsTwo methods were developed for measuring the compressional modulus of elasticity of pith-filled node–node specimens. Both methods had an average repeatability of ± 4%. The use of natural plant morphology and architecture was used to avoid buckling failure. Both methods relied up on spherical compression platens to accommodate inaccuracies in sample preparation. The effect of sample position within the test fixture was quantified to ensure that sample placement did not introduce systematic errors.ConclusionsReliable measurements of the compressive modulus of elasticity of pith-filled plant stems can be performed using the testing protocols presented in this study. Recommendations for future studies were also provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the compressive modulus of elasticity of pith-filled plant stems

et al. 2017

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“…A virtual test set-up was defined to compress axially the femur and then apply a bending moment in the sagittal plane 52 (Fig. 6a).…”

Section: Validation Of the Thigh-knee-leg Fe Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Finite Element Model of the Lower Limb for Simulating Automotive Impacts

2012

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A finite element (FE) model of a vehicle occupant's lower limb was developed in this study to improve understanding of injury mechanisms during traffic crashes. The reconstructed geometry of a male volunteer close to the anthropometry of a 50th percentile male was meshed using mostly hexahedral and quadrilateral elements to enhance the computational efficiency of the model. The material and structural properties were selected based on a synthesis of current knowledge of the constitutive models for each tissue. The models of the femur, tibia, and leg were validated against Post-Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) data in various loading conditions which generates the bone fractures observed in traffic accidents. The model was then used to investigate the tolerances of femur and tibia under axial compression and bending. It was shown that the bending moment induced by the axial force reduced the bone tolerance significantly more under posterior-anterior (PA) loading than under anterior-posterior (AP) loading. It is believed that the current lower limb models could be used in defining advanced injury criteria of the lower limb and in various applications as an alternative to physical testing, which may require complex setups and high cost.

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“…The stiffness of the LS bumper showed an increasing trend, which was well matched using a two-layer bumper design (EPP foams with densities of 100 and 200 kg/m 3 , respectively). Although current designs of buck bumpers showed to approximate well the stiffness properties of vehicle bumpers modelled in this study, better designs can be obtained using optimisation techniques [24,25,27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions

Untaroiu

Shin

Crandall

et al. 2010

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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2010) Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions, International Journal of Crashworthiness, 15:5, 491-503,Previous vehicle-to-pedestrian impact simulations and experiments using pedestrian dummies and cadavers have shown that factors such as vehicle shape, pedestrian anthropometry and pre-impact conditions influence pedestrian kinematics and injury mechanisms. Generic pedestrian bucks, which approximate the geometrical and stiffness properties of current vehicles, would be useful in studying the influence of vehicle front-end structures on pedestrian kinematics and loading. This study explores the design of pedestrian bucks, intended to represent the basic vehicle front-end structures, consisting of five components: lower stiffener, bumper, hood leading edge and grille, hood and windshield. The deformable parts of the bucks were designed using types of currently manufactured materials, which allow fabricating the bucks in the future. The geometry of pedestrian bucks was approximated according to the contour cross-sections of two sedan vehicles used in previous pedestrian dummy and cadaver impact tests. Other cross-sectional dimensions and the stiffness of the buck components were determined by parameter identification using finite-element (FE) simulations of each sedan model. In the absence of a validated FE model of human, the FE model of the POLAR II pedestrian dummy was used to validate a mid-size sedan (MS) pedestrian buck. A good correlation of the pedestrian dummy kinematics and contact forces obtained in dummy-MS pedestrian buck with the corresponding data from dummy-MS vehicle simulation was achieved. A parametric study using the POLAR II FE model and different buck models -an MS buck and a large-size sedan (LS) buck -were run to study the influence of an automatic braking system for reducing the pedestrian injuries. The vehicle braking conditions showed reductions in the relative velocity of the head to the vehicle and increases in the time of head impact and in the wrap-around-distances (WAD) to primary head contact. The head impact velocity showed a greater sensitivity to the different buck shapes (e.g. LS buck versus MS buck) than to the braking deceleration. The buck FE models developed in this study are expected to be used in sensitivity and optimisation studies for the development of new pedestrian protection systems.

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A numerical investigation of mid-femoral injury tolerance in axial compression and bending loading

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Measuring the compressive modulus of elasticity of pith-filled plant stems

Measuring the compressive modulus of elasticity of pith-filled plant stems

A Finite Element Model of the Lower Limb for Simulating Automotive Impacts

Development and validation of pedestrian sedan bucks using finite-element simulations: a numerical investigation of the influence of vehicle automatic braking on the kinematics of the pedestrian involved in vehicle collisions

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