A numerical investigation into the effect of pressure on holes and cracks in water supply pipes

Cassa, A. M.; Zyl, J. E. van; Laubscher, R. F.

doi:10.1080/15730620903447613

Cited by 113 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The value of the exponent b I depends on leak type and pipe material behaviour (Greyvenstein and van Zyl 2007;Collins and Boxall 2013). The orifice equation can lead to misleading results when the pipe is not made of a rigid material and pressure-induced deformation of the leak area is not considered (Greyvenstein and van Zyl 2007;Cassa et al 2010;Ferrante et al 2011Ferrante et al , 2013. Greyvenstein and van Zyl (2007) presented a basic model for the flow rate, Q L [m 3 /s] through a round hole in an elastic pipe after carrying out extensive laboratory tests on different pipe materials (uPVC, asbestos cement and steel).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental Evidence of Leaks in Elastic Pipes

Marchis

Fontanazza

Freni

et al. 2016

Water Resour Manage

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Several studies have been carried out in recent decades to establish a relationship between total head and leaks. In literature, the leakage governing equations have been analysed in light of pipe materials, water head, leak dimension or shape. Most of these contributions questioned the classical Torricelli equation, demonstrating through experimental evidence that the classical orifice law can give unsatisfactory results. Nevertheless, starting from the Torricelli equation, other exponential or linear governing equations have been proposed as mathematical models able to reproduce the leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs). To investigate the validity of the proposed governing equations, an experimental campaign was carried out by means of a water distribution network composed of approximately 500 m of polyethylene pipes. The experiments were designed to investigate the effects of leak area and pipe rigidity on discharge. Furthermore, the effect of leak size enlargement with water head was analysed. Finally, the proposed research contributes to the population of a database for estimating the coefficients of head-discharge relationships.

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental Evidence of Leaks in Elastic Pipes

Marchis

Fontanazza

Freni

et al. 2016

Water Resour Manage

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“…For pipes characterized by high elasticity, then it would be appropriate to refer to an equation that takes into account the pressure/area link of the hole (such as FAVAD equation, Cassa et al, 2010). The analysis is, however, further complicated by the viscoelastic characteristics of materials such as HDPE.…”

Section: Conclusive Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leakages and pressure relation: an experimental research

Paola

Giugni

2012

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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Abstract. Leaks in water systems are presently a frequent and increasing event that involves cost increase and poor service, not compliant to quality standards and modern management criteria. The most recent data available in Italy, resumed into the report issued by Control Committee for Water Resources Use (CONVIRI), shows leakages with an average value of 37 %. It is therefore important, for maintenance perspective, to investigate occurrence and evolution of water leaks and the analytical link between leaks Q p and network pressure P, for a reliable calibration of water networks quali-quantitative simulation models. The present work reports the first results of an experimental campaign started at Laboratory of Hydraulics of Department of Hydraulics, Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering of University of Naples Federico II in order to analyze the features of Q p (P) relation, which are compared with other results issued in literature.

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“…Lambert (2001) indicated that the crack area can vary with pressure, especially for plastic pipes. This has been numerically and experimentally demonstrated by Cassa et al (2010), Greyvenstein and Van Zyl (2007) and Ferrante (2012). In their work, different models of leak area and pressure relationship were proposed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results highlight the important influence of existing cracks on the leakage, and a linear relationship between the leak area and pressure was proposed. A recent work from Ferrante (2012) has extended the results of Cassa et al (2010) by taking the plastic deformation or viscoelastic effect into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results confirmed that the value of the leakage exponent had a wide range and can be lower and higher than the theoretical value of 0.5. Cassa et al (2010) studied the behavior of different pipe materials under pressure using finite element analysis. Their results highlight the important influence of existing cracks on the leakage, and a linear relationship between the leak area and pressure was proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-dimensional pipe leakage through a line crack in water distribution systems

Guo

Zhang

Shao

et al. 2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A

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Abstract:In water distribution systems, water leakage from cracked water pipes is a major concern for water providers. Generally, the relationship between the leakage rate and the water pressure can be modeled by a power function developed from the orifice equation. This paper presents an approximate solution for the computation of the steady-state leakage rate through a longitudinal line crack of a water distribution pipe considering the surrounding soil properties. The derived solution agrees well with results of numerical simulations. Compared with the traditional models, the new solution allows assessment of all the parameters that related with leakage including the pressure head inside the pipe, hydraulic conductivity, crack size and its position, and pipe size and its depth.

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A numerical investigation into the effect of pressure on holes and cracks in water supply pipes

Cited by 113 publications

References 2 publications

Experimental Evidence of Leaks in Elastic Pipes

Experimental Evidence of Leaks in Elastic Pipes

Leakages and pressure relation: an experimental research

Two-dimensional pipe leakage through a line crack in water distribution systems

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