A Numerical Case Study of East Asian Coastal Cyclogenesis

Chen, Shoujun; Dell'osso, Lorenzo

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<0477:ancsoe>2.0.co;2

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The ZÁO (ZwackÁOkossi) equation (Zwack and Okossi, 1986) was employed to evaluate various influences and the results revealed that contributions of temperature advection were dominant for all types of cyclone. Additionally, for POÁO cyclones, latent heat release (LHR) was also a very important factor (Chen and Dell'Osso, 1987). In order to investigate the role of LHR, Kuwano- Yoshida and Asuma (2008) removed LHR from simulations of OJ, POÁL and POÁO cyclones and, based on sensitivity experiments, proposed that LHR affects cyclone development mainly through nonlinear interactions with the upper-level trough and jet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating two-stage explosive development of an extratropical cyclone over the northwestern Pacific Ocean: a piecewise potential vorticity diagnosis

Sun

2014

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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A B S T R A C T An extreme explosive extratropical cyclone over the northwestern Pacific Ocean (NPO) that formed in winter 2004 and went through two distinct rapid deepening periods was successfully simulated by a non-hydrostatic mesoscale model (MM5). Based on the simulation, the cyclone's rapid deepening was investigated in detail using the piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion method which successfully captured the characteristics of the cyclone and its associated background circulations. Results indicated that explosive development of the cyclone was dominated by forcings in the extended surface layer (ESL), which were closely related to baroclinity (temperature advection) and boundary layer processes (sensible heat exchange). In the interior layer (IL), direct effects of condensation were mainly conducive to the cyclone's development, whereas indirect effects (interactions with other layers) mainly acted conversely. Processes associated with latent heat release (LHR) were characterised by nonlinearity. Features of the precipitation, including intensity, duration, range and relative configuration to the cyclone determined the influences of condensation on the cyclone. In the upper layer (UL), tropopause-folding processes and horizontal PV advection were main influencing factors to the evolution of the cyclone. Upper-level forcings firstly exerted slight effects on the cyclone's development, since upper-level positive PV anomalies were far from the cyclone; then, as the influencing short-wave trough and the cyclone both moved northeastward, upper-level positive PV anomalies merged, enhanced and entered key areas of the cyclone, and thus both direct and indirect effects associated with the upper-level forcings strengthened significantly around the cyclone, and this dominated the cyclone's transition from a moderate explosive cyclone to an extreme one.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating two-stage explosive development of an extratropical cyclone over the northwestern Pacific Ocean: a piecewise potential vorticity diagnosis

Sun

2014

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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“…Chen et al (1992) and Yoshida and Asuma (2004) identified two active areas in the northwestern Pacific region: one over the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk and another over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Several case studies and numerical studies for cyclone development in the northwestern Pacific region have been conducted (Liou and Elsberry 1987;Mullen and Baumhefner 1988;Takano 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several case studies and numerical studies for cyclone development in the northwestern Pacific region have been conducted (Liou and Elsberry 1987;Mullen and Baumhefner 1988;Takano 2002). Chen and Dell'Osso (1987) simulated cyclone development over the Sea of Japan and suggested the importance of latent heat release and the presence of a low-level jet for the cyclone development. Nuss and Kamikawa (1990) compared the explosive cyclone with a nonexplosive cyclone that developed over the northwestern Pacific Ocean and reported that the maintenance of strong surface fluxes in the updraft region is attributed to the interaction of warm frontal dynamics with a downstream upper-level jet streak, leading to the explosive cyclogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Explosively Developing Extratropical Cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific Region

Kuwano-Yoshida

Asuma

2008

Monthly Weather Review

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Numerical simulations of six explosively developing extratropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean region are conducted using a regional mesoscale numerical model [the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5)]. Cyclones are categorized according to the locations where they form and develop: Okhotsk-Japan Sea (OJ) cyclones originate over the eastern Asian continent and develop over the Sea of Japan or the Sea of Okhotsk, Pacific Ocean-land (PO-L) cyclones also form over the Asian continent and develop over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and Pacific Ocean-ocean (PO-O) cyclones form and develop over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Two cases (the most extreme and normal deepening rate cases for each cyclone type) are selected and simulated. Simulations show that the extreme cyclone of each type is characterized by a different mesoscale structure and evolutionary path, which strongly reflect the larger-scale environment: an OJ cyclone has the smallest deepening rates, associated with a distinct upper-level shortwave trough, a clear lower-level cold front, and a precipitation area that is far from the cyclone center; a PO-L cyclone has moderate deepening rates with high propagation speeds under zonally stretched upper-level jets; and a PO-O cyclone has the strongest deepening rates associated with large amounts of precipitation near its center. Sensitivity experiments involving the latent heat release associated with water vapor condensation show that PO-O cyclones rarely develop without a release of latent heat and their structures are drastically different from the control runs, while OJ cyclones exhibit almost the same developments and have similar structures to the control runs. These tendencies can be seen in both extreme and normal deepening rate cases. These results reveal that the importance of latent heat release to explosive cyclone development varies among the cyclone types, as is reflected by the cyclone origin, frontal structure, moisture distribution, and jet stream configuration.

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“…Yamamoto () reported on a rapid merger of two extratropical cyclones on 9–10 October 2001 near the Japanese Islands that resulted in a severe storm with cumulative precipitation amounts exceeding 40 mm over 12 hr. The main contributors to the formation and maintenance of extratropical cyclones over East Asia have been reported to include baroclinic instability from low‐level horizontal temperature gradients, unusual horizontal vorticity advection at upper levels, latent heating due to condensation, and dynamic coupling between upper‐ and lower‐level vortices (S. Chen & Dell'osso, ; W. Chen, Tan, et al, ; Kuwano‐Yoshida & Asuma, ; Liu et al, ; Takano, ; Takayabu, ; Wang et al, ; Yamamoto, ; Zhao & Zhao, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Wintertime Extratropical Cyclones on Temperature and Precipitation Over Northeastern China During 1979–2016

et al. 2019

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This study examines the synoptic impacts of wintertime extratropical cyclones on northeastern China. The 181 analyzed cyclones mainly originate from eastern Mongolia and dissipate over the North Pacific Ocean. Precursor negative geopotential height anomalies for these cyclones emerge over continental areas near the Barents and Kara Seas. Baroclinic instability and midlatitude westerly winds are the dominant factors driving the development and movement of these cyclones from their precursor signals. Owing to the southeastward migration of the cyclones, temperature over northeastern China first increases and then decreases, resulting in a significant increase in the frequency of extreme weather. These cyclones contribute about 70.6% of the extreme precipitation days over northeastern China. Relative moisture contributions from the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, and East Asia are all anomalously large during cyclones associated with extreme precipitation days, with moisture from these regions entering northeastern China mainly through its southern and western boundaries. Temperature variations over northeastern China play a critical role in the accumulation of moisture for extreme precipitation and the timing of that precipitation. Moisture transport initially contributes to an increase in precipitable water due to warm temperature anomalies. The added precipitable water is then released as extreme precipitation when the atmosphere over northeastern China starts to cool.

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A Numerical Case Study of East Asian Coastal Cyclogenesis

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Accelerating two-stage explosive development of an extratropical cyclone over the northwestern Pacific Ocean: a piecewise potential vorticity diagnosis

Accelerating two-stage explosive development of an extratropical cyclone over the northwestern Pacific Ocean: a piecewise potential vorticity diagnosis

Numerical Study of Explosively Developing Extratropical Cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific Region

Impacts of Wintertime Extratropical Cyclones on Temperature and Precipitation Over Northeastern China During 1979–2016

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